# All Questions

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### Is the north pole melting faster than the south? Why?

Climate change and armed conflicts hot and cold war: " a new Tension Belt, roughly located around the Polar Circles, will arise. In the short term, this will focus more on the northern hemisphere. ...
14 views

### Can you polish a diamond into a sphere?

Can you polish a diamond into a spherical shape? If not, that means that the diamond must have flat faces and there is a limit to how many faces it can have. So how many faces is the maximum?
31 views

### Do you know of initiatives that use fake news to combat poaching? [closed]

It seems that most of the poaching of endangered species that decimates earths biodiversity in the current time can be contributed to two main motives: 1: People value certain goods such as animal ...
41 views

### Total differentiation

The local derivative is linked to the total derivative by: $\frac{\partial T}{\partial t} = \frac{DT}{Dt} - \mathbf{U} \cdot \nabla T$ and the -$\mathbf{U} \cdot \nabla T$ term represent the change ...
46 views

### What exactly does it mean that Japan is the “land of the rising sun”? [closed]

Only in later years have I understood anything about how our planet moves around itself and around the Sun, and how it therefore appears to always "rise in the East" and "set in the West", apparently "...
33 views

### What would a rock thin section look like without any polarizers?

I'm interested in knowing what features can still be discerned. I've been struggling find any image of a thin section of a rock under a regular light microscope, or a petrographic microscope with the ...
27 views

### What if the earth’s core had titanium as a part of its core? [closed]

I’ve always wondered what would happen if the earth had titanium in its core. Would it have a stronger magnetic pull? When volcanoes erupted would let let out some sort of ‘super metal’? And ...
128 views

### Why is the concentration of highly siderophile elements so uniform in the mantle?

The plot above is about the concentration of siderophile elements in the terrestrial mantle. From the logarithmic plot, we can deduce that the concentration of highly siderophile elements is quite ...
80 views

### How would I simulate the effects of the Antarctic ice sheet being deleted on Earth's climate?

This is a follow-up to my question If its ice sheet were removed under modern atmospheric conditions, what climatic and ice-sheet equilibrium would be re-established over Antarctica?. As it has ...
54 views

### Wasn't Earth a magma ocean before the Iron Catastrophe?

I've always thought that the process of planetary accretion was energetic enought to keep the proto-Earth entirely molten, and that the subsequent evolution of the planet (the formation of the crust, ...
54 views

### Why does the Earth's crust have more aluminum than magnesium while the Sun has more magnesium than aluminum?

Magnesium represents 0.07 % of the composition of the Sun's photosphere while aluminum represents 0.006 %. Therefore, there is much more magnesium than aluminum in the Sun's photosphere. But the same ...
19 views

### Is the slowing down of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation a response to climate change?

I have been taught that the changes in current were caused primarily by climate change but upon reading the conclusion of the paper named: "Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning ...
61 views

### Is pollution the reason why rainbows are so rare nowadays?

Today I saw a rainbow after almost a decade. I live in Noida (a city) in India. Most people I know believe that: we don't see rainbows nowadays because of pollution and now after nearly 3 months since ...
38 views

### What is the relationship between the derivatives of specific volume and potential temperature with height?

While studying about atmospheric waves, I found a passage in my book in which a equation involved the term $$\frac{1}{\alpha }\frac{\partial \alpha }{\partial z}$$ where $\alpha$ is the specific ...
29 views

### How is Air Quality Index relevant to both PM2.5 and NO2

I am comparing NO2 and PM2.5 levels in the pre-2020 Jan-April and 2020 Jan-April (representing air quality during lockdown and under no-lockdown conditions). The data was from the aqicn website (...
45 views

### Why some area in the ocean seems to have like “wind barrier”?

When looking at the earth wind map, some lines clearly distinguish themselve and act as "frontier" between stream of wind. I was wondering what it was and what was causing them? Thanks.
27 views

### Why is Europe still considered a continent(along with Asia)? [closed]

It is true that there are multiple definitions of a continent. But it is also true that Europe fails to satisfy any of them. One of the boundaries between Europe and Asia was chose arbitrarily(the ...
43 views

### How do mountain springs get their water?

I am curious how do mountain springs get their water. The water flowing from them eventually forms rivers. Is it only from rain and snow? Or does water also come from underground-below the mountain (...
41 views

### So yesterday I learned to anodize steel but today i dig this out of my garden [closed]

I found a rock which looks like a hoof inside it. I'm looking for answers because I hate a mystery and won't sleep well until I find the answers
21 views

### Determine geodesic orthogonal to a polygon line in python [closed]

I have a polygon line on earth's surface as an ESRI shapefile. For a point on that line I want to determine the geodesic that intersects the line orthogonally in this point. Are there suggestions on ...
10 views

### Why we compare the oxygen fugacity of magma ocean with IW, FMQ or any other buffer?

e.g., Nitrogen solubility as high as near 25 ppm in forsterite, pyroxene, and garnet have been reported in an experimental study in the 1.5–3.0 GPa range with the oxygen fugacity controlled at those ...
31 views

### Rainbowish phenomenon outside my home

I took a photo of an amazing sight I had never seen outside my home ( southern india ) but I could not tell if it was a rainbow type thing or an aurora borealis. Also if it was to be a sun dog , ...
57 views

### Torrential rain from a tiny cloud in otherwise blue sky [closed]

In the 1950s in England in an otherwise cloudless blue sky in summer a very small dense cloud appeared overhead around midday which looked like cumulus and for about 5 minutes we had torrential rain. ...
32 views

### Providing Edgar emission using prep_chem_source for tracers (CO2-CH4)

I am working on CO2 and CH4 by WRF-CHEM, for providing my anthropogenic emission from Edgar data base, I'm going to use the Prep_chem_source App. I would like to use Edgar data emission (as my ...
39 views

### What is the time period of these chalk/clay layers?

These limestone-clay rocks are very common in the Alps, they come from weather changes. How many years does it take to make one of the rock bands? 7 years, equivalent to an el-nino type event? 1000 ...
102 views

### Why don't dewdrops form on a cloudy night?

The reason behind the non- formation of dewdrops on a cloudy night is the non-attainment of below dew point temperatures. It happens as the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is not allowed to escape ...
51 views

### When is model selection based on AICc (Akaike Information Criterion corrected) ok?

I was wondering whether you could help me with the following issue: I am running a negative binomial model (overdispersed) on count data of sampled insects at 22 sites. Here, I would like to select ...
63 views

### What was the Earth's continent's positions 10000 years ago, or 11700 years ago, AKA when the late Pleistocene epoch was coming to an end?

In many articles online, geologists and geographers have described and depicted the theorized locations of all our continental plates with great detail and illustration, providing pictures, time-lapse ...
212 views

### What is the explanation of using pressure units (hPa) to express height when dealing with wind speeds?

I am trying to understand how prevailing winds and jet stream currents are formed and how they are varying in speed and direction. When looking at different wind speeds at different altitudes on ...
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### Construction of a drift curve in the well tie calibration and how to interpret it?. Sonic calibration vs checkshot calibration

Good afternoon. Inside the creation of the synthetic seismogram some softwares have the option to run what is called "sonic calibration" or "checkshot calibration". I have some questions: 1)why some ...
62 views

### Does the hour thingie on a 24-hour clock represent the apparent “motion” of the Sun “around” the Earth? [closed]

While looking at this photo of a 24-hour clock: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Greenwich_clock_1-manipulated.jpg ... it struck me that, maybe, it could be seen as a visual ...
31 views

### CO2 probe measuring at temperatures up to 150 °C [closed]

I'm looking for a $CO_2$ measuring probe (analog current output, digital out: RS232/485 - probe will be connected and transferring real time data to the data logger) that would operate up to 150 °C (...
113 views

### How does fertile soil reach newborn volcanic islands?

When a volcanic island first surfaces, I assume no vegetation can grow, as it probably only consists of volcanic rock. How would a volcanic island like Iceland that is far from any continent grow to ...
53 views

### What does it mean that “gas-producing countries such as Russia have likewise been dependent on a fixed set of pipeline export routes”? [closed]

Am new to this. I was reading New Geopolitics of natural gas by Agnia and came across this paragraph : because gas historically had been supplied primarily by land-based pipeline monopolies ...
95 views

### How can oceanic Rossby waves move from East to West?

I can find several examples of Rossby waves, mainly atmospheric, moving towards East. Is it possible that they also move towards West?
44 views

### [How deduce from shadows, the angulation of the Sun that the Sun is 15 degrees over horizon?

At r/rbi, u/A11edge asked Can anyone determine an hour when the photo was taken? The author of the photo is suspected of spraying pesticides during daytime (which is illegal because it causes ...
48 views

### Are the precious metals (silver, gold, platinum) present everywhere throughout the Earth's crust at least in the trace quantities?

Do some rocks, soils, sands or waters exist that contain fewer than one atom of gold per cubic meter or tonne of their mass?
56 views

### How does the changing seasons affect the large scale easterly flow of the ITCZ?

I am new to climate science and have been learning the basic picture of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and how this leads to the predominant easterly "trade winds". The picture that I ...
562 views

### Non-invasive techniques to find rock composition

If we had access to a totally new kind of rock (maybe a new meteorite), is it possible to tell what the rock is composed of without touching it / drilling into it? I'm thinking of something like ...
15 views

### Does anyone know of any studies comparing juvenile and adult abundance data for an ontogenetic reef fish? [closed]

I'm trying to look into relationships between juvenile Hogfish which recruit in sea grass habitats to adult abundance data that move to deeper offshore reef and hard bottom habitat. I have data from ...
120 views

### If I build a concrete surface on a 1km x 1km area and painted it black, will I create convection (updraft from ground)?

Providing there are low wind conditions and a clear sky, will the 1 km x 1 km black surface create an upward convention? Let’s say I were to do this at 60$^\circ$ N longitude in march month, the ...
29 views

### What is the relative (magnetic) permeability of the Earth? How could it be measured?

I believe, Earth could be approximated by a molten, metallic, non-magnetic sphere, with a molten stony sphere around it. However, As far I know, the magnetic properties of the lava in the crust, in ...
11 views

### TDWR Radar Data Resolution & Dimension

Does anyone know the resolution of the TDWR radar data that is available from NWS. (Ex: https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/gcp-public-data-nexrad-l3/2020/05/05/TEWR/) When I extract the ...
126 views

### What “blobs” of molten material in Earth's interior are responsible for the rapidly moving north pole? Where are these blobs exactly?

IFL Science's Earth's North Magnetic Pole Is Heading Towards Siberia – And Scientists Now Know Why explains that the motion of Earth's north magnetic pole can be understood as follows: A new study, ...
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### Derivative of the Unit Vector in Spherical Coordinate system

I have a doubt regarding a step in the derivation of the momentum equation in spherical coordinates. I am referring to the textbook "Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling" by Mark Jacobson, 2nd Edition,...
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### Has recent drop in airline flights over the US had a measurable warming effect as was found after 9/11?

I recall that after 9/11, when all US flights were canceled, there was a statistically detectable bump in average temperature. Something about jet contrails disappearing for 4 days. Has anything like ...
86 views

### Does Earth's rotation cause sea levels to increase from east to west?

Intuitively if the Earth were to rotate fast enough from west to east, the average sea level would be noticeably higher on the west edge of the oceans. Does Earth's rotation cause this effect in ...
29 views

### Effect on climate of the Earth’s rotation was a week instead of 24 hours

Cross-posted in Worldbuilding. Curious what the affects on daily temperatures and climate would be if the Earth had a slower rotation, say 84 hours of light and 84 hours of darkness. How extreme ...
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### Filtered pressured oxygen 80 miilion years ago

Was dinosaur blood really red? Was the vegitation really green?Can that filter be used today?
118 views

### Why aren't the Hawaiian islands a continuous strip of land?

My understanding is that the Hawaiian islands were produced as the Pacific plate moved over a stationary hot spot, which sent magma burning up through the plate as it passed over, forming a trail of ...

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