All Questions
7,267
questions
1
vote
1
answer
19
views
Is the Valley of Eternal Spring in Ecuador real?
This Reddit post has a YouTube video that says there is a "Valley of Eternal Spring" in Yunguilla, Ecuador.
But searching on the web for the name of the valley mostly gives results about the ...
- 115
4
votes
1
answer
151
views
For glacier winds to exist, are circulation cells needed?
When air close to a glacier surface gets cooled, it becomes heavier and flows down the glacier slope as glacier winds. I am a glaciologist trying to study and model glacier winds. I am confused about ...
- 173
0
votes
1
answer
43
views
Why are the world's tallest mountains located in Asia?
Of the top 100 tallest mountains of the world, the vast majority of them are located in Asia.
- 115
0
votes
0
answers
19
views
Is there any restriction with regard to latitude or climate as to where a "bright night" can happen?
Recently I learned of bright nights, and I wonder what the restrictions here are regarding latitude or climate. Can this phenomenon happen anywhere in the world, or are there restrictions?
- 101
2
votes
0
answers
53
views
Why is the Earth's average temperature lower now than 3 million years ago, even though the carbon dioxide concentration is the same?
It is a well known fact that the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere 3 million years ago was similar to what it is today (~420 ppm): 1, 2, 3. All the of the links I added there also state ...
- 121
0
votes
0
answers
25
views
Under which scope should we calculate fuel usage from rented vehicles
As a global company with 13 subsidiaries, we heavily rely on rented vehicles and air travel providers to support our operations. While we maintain our own fleet, our technicians often fly to project ...
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
22
views
Smell of Crude/Fuel Oil when acid-treating belemnoides
I sometimes find belemnoids from the late jurassic in an old limestone quarry, so to clean them up a bit and make them more visually appealing, I sometimes treat them with 10% acetic acid to get rid ...
0
votes
0
answers
43
views
What kind of mineral rock is this? [closed]
Does anyone knows what kind of mineral is this?
I found it near a beach in Italy
- 1
6
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Which volcano is more hazardous? Mount Rainier or Mount Hood?
It is my understanding that Mount Rainier, despite its looming size, is a fairly quiet volcano. An eruption would mean lahars and mud flows, but would not be an explosive eruption like Mt Saint Helens ...
- 273
0
votes
0
answers
12
views
Estimating global sea level at lower temperatures
In particular I'm interested in finding out what the sea level would be under a sustained average of -1.5°C below the pre-industrial mean, i.e an average global temperature of 12.23°C. However a ...
- 5,100
1
vote
2
answers
50
views
How often do landslides occur?
Recently, i noticed that on the 27th of August, 3 landslides occured across 3 different countries : Italy,Japan and Yemen.
https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/yemen/yemen-flash-flood-update-no-...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
21
views
World Globe Recommendations
I hope this is the right place to ask this...
I'm looking to buy a world globe. Before I do, I want to know a few things and I'm hoping some folks can weigh in here:
Are there makers of world globes ...
1
vote
1
answer
21
views
How to calculate relative humidity r2 in a room at temperature t2, if given a previous pair of temperature t1 and rel. humidity r1?
Consider this scenario: Two sensors are placed in a room to track temperature (in degrees Celsius) and relative humidity over time. The room's temperature varies throughout the day and so does the ...
- 113
1
vote
1
answer
23
views
Rainfall Rate - unit conversion
when converting the Rainfall Rate unit from mm per HR (Sq. m) to inch per HR (Sq. ft)
why are they multiplying by 25.4 only and not considering the conversion from m2 to ft2
for example
mm/m2 --> ...
- 13
2
votes
2
answers
62
views
Dikes are bad according to noaa.gov?
"For example, dikes, tide gates, and ditches have disconnected rivers
from their historic floodplains. This limits the amount of floodwaters
that wetlands are able to soak up, putting nearby ...
- 125
5
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Why is there an "unnamed volcano" in Syria?
I stumbled across the following in the CIA factbook's entry on Syria :
volcanism: Syria's two historically active volcanoes, Es Safa and an unnamed volcano near the Turkish border have not erupted in ...
- 235
2
votes
0
answers
101
views
What is the rationale for having four time zones for Greenland?
According to this map Greenland has four time zones. On one hand, it is understandable given the vast size of the island. On the other hand, Wikipædia gives the size of population of Greenland to be ...
- 121
2
votes
0
answers
22
views
How will Yarlung-Tsangpo dam affect India?
China has started building the Yarlung-Tsangpo River dam in Tibet, which is rumored to be much bigger in size than the Three Gorges dam.
How will it affect India environmentally in the future even if ...
- 121
1
vote
1
answer
34
views
How can I convert methane concentrations from kg/m2 to ppm?
I am working with the IASI MetOp-B satellite data which provides information on intergrated methane in units of kg/m2, and I would like to convert it to ppm , i have also the information of surface ...
- 11
2
votes
0
answers
45
views
what is pMC percent modern carbon?
In material about carbon dating I see a lot of results expressed in pMC. For example I saw a 14C/C ratio of .12 pMC. My understanding is that the amount of 14C in carbon is about one trillionth. I'...
- 153
0
votes
0
answers
11
views
What is the concentration level of dissolved oxygen in the mesopelagic zone?
Somehow, I can find multiple references for dissolved O2 levels (usually in mg/L) for the epipelagic, bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones of the ocean, but not the mesopelagic...
One might naively ...
- 805
1
vote
0
answers
10
views
How is the abyssopelagic zone of the ocean defined? How is it different from the bathypelagic zone just above it?
The only real definition of the abyssopelagic zone of the world's oceans is below 4,000 meters...
Is this completely arbitrary? The other pelagic zones have apparent reasons why they were 'created' ...
- 805
3
votes
1
answer
82
views
creationism and helium
One of the creationist claims for a young Earth is that Helium is found in Zircons, which are dated to be over 100,000 years old. They say no Helium should be left because it would have diffused out ...
- 153
0
votes
2
answers
38
views
Are there technologies available today that could be used to steer hurricanes or cyclones?
I was reading a news article on CNN which dates back to 2012 regarding Hurricane Sandy which was the second-costliest hurricane in United States history. The article states:
Hours after Super-storm ...
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
27
views
Where can I find high resolution sea surface wind data?
I have been looking for high temporal and spatial resolution surface wind data.
I want to use it for competitive sailing simulation, so the temporal resolution should be less than 10 s, the special ...
- 170
0
votes
0
answers
11
views
Reading data from cds in python
I have downloaded data from cds (in netcdf format) and I try to read them with python.
Code
...
0
votes
0
answers
28
views
Strength of Chicago Sun in summer and fall [closed]
Plants grown outdoors in Chicago require a shade cloth that blocks 60% of the sunlight in June. What day in the fall is sunlight 60% weaker than June in Chicago? When can the shade cloth be removed in ...
8
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Why are most big lakes in North America aligned?
I noticed that the biggest lakes in North America (which happen to all be in Canada) seem to lie along a line that from the Great Bear Lake passes through the Great Slave Lake, Lake Athabasca and Lake ...
- 181
0
votes
1
answer
36
views
Measuring seismic velocity with Insight lander's single seismometer
The Insight lander touched down on Mars in 2018. It deployed its seismometer and gathered 4 years of data. Recently, a paper was published which, based on Insight data combined with modeling, ...
- 381
1
vote
1
answer
25
views
How to Handle Legacy Soil Data in Digital Soil Mapping (DSM)?
I am currently working on my master's thesis on Digital Soil Mapping – Soil Organic Carbon. Since I am using soil profiles from a legacy soil survey as training data, I am facing some confusion. The ...
1
vote
2
answers
72
views
Is solar insolation always maximum at noon local time in diurnal cycle figure?
I am comparing different global models for various atmospheric fields. When I plotted diurnal cycle (at different locations) for top of the atmosphere net shortwave radiation for each model, I get ...
- 11
2
votes
1
answer
29
views
Henry's law applied to oceanic surface temperature and turbulence
How are the trends in oceanic CO2 concentrations compare to the oceanic temperature?
In other words, could the rise in atmospheric "fossil fuel" sourced CO2 be partly due to the shift in the ...
- 21
1
vote
0
answers
9
views
Where can I find a good spectrally-resolved altitude profile (or limb view) of airglow?
There are lots of RGB photos of airglow from ISS (e.g. ISS043-E-143486), many of them can even be downloaded in NEF raw format to analyze the brightnesses in a bit more linear form than the cooked ...
- 471
1
vote
1
answer
68
views
Why isn't more money used to build huge Power-2-X photovoltaics stations?
Not sure if this is the right Stack to ask this, please comment if there is a better one.
Currently, there are many entities world-wide which try to use money to reduce carbon emissions: governments, ...
- 113
0
votes
2
answers
36
views
Why reflection and refraction of seismic P-wave generate S-waves?
This image (taken from a 1982 paper by L. Völgyesi and M. Moser) shows that seismic S-waves are generated at reflection and refraction of P-waves. Why?
- 261
1
vote
0
answers
15
views
How to define sub-year groupings in ISO-8601 for climatology - What week numbers constitute a season?
ISO 8601 is a time/date standard that allows for sub-year groupings - for example, 2024-25 indicates a time period of Spring in the Northern Hemisphere, year 2024.
I am constructing a climatological ...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
25
views
Searching for a database of emissions from ships
I am searching a database that includes emissions data based on ship types. How can I find such database?
0
votes
0
answers
8
views
Going from percent exceedance over period of X g PGA to probability of event at Y g PGA
The seismic hazard map I can find are set at given return period, showing what PGA value is expected to be exceeded. Does the opposite exist? Maps with a given PGA value that show the expected return ...
- 101
0
votes
1
answer
37
views
Creation mountain to space? (theoretical) [closed]
I think 100 kilometers height is enough to make an some kind of space-mountain base-factory there and it seems to be cheeper to transport resourses there then to usual space stations.
I am interesting ...
0
votes
1
answer
37
views
Why is the climate for the north-eastern coast of North America continental (D), not temperate (C)?
Regions of north-eastern North America such as Long Island, New England and the Maritimes, are classified as Dfa and Dfb in the Köppen-Geiger classification, despite being on the coast. Why don't they ...
3
votes
1
answer
52
views
Why does the salinity of salt lakes vary so much?
I just noticed that the salinity of the Caspian Sea is only 1/3 that of seawater, which surprised me since I naively thought that all endorheic (enclosed basin) salt lakes with no water outlets would ...
- 1,047
0
votes
0
answers
12
views
If a planet or star is composed of gas, the center of mass will have zero gravity but immense pressure? I'm trying to understand fusion in stars [migrated]
I'm trying to understand what drives fusion in stars. Does it happen in the center of the star? This question arises because I always thought a person would be weightless in the center of the earth ...
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
42
views
Why is there so much activity in the upper atmosphere, even though it is usually colder?
My son thought the atmosphere (that is, above our heads as humans) is hotter than what we experience, and I told him that it is typically cooler. (I suppose there can occasionally be an "...
- 103
2
votes
2
answers
56
views
How does slab pull work?
My understanding is rocks are very weak in tension. How can a subducting slab "pull" an entire lithospheric plate behind it?
- 61
1
vote
0
answers
20
views
What can be determined about wind conditions by examining ripples on a body of water?
I am interested in the fractal patterns of ripples and waves, especially on relatively calm bodies of water. Are there empirical or theoretical descriptions of wave speed based on frequency ...
- 61
3
votes
1
answer
49
views
Why does air temperature decrease with height in the troposphere?
I've come across two different explanations when researching this topic in different areas:
Adiabatic lapse rate: temperature falls naturally due to pressure decrease.
Distance from the surface: ...
- 61
0
votes
0
answers
26
views
Could contrails be used to de-energize hurricanes?
I have had this theory bouncing around in my head since 9/11 and I would like someone's feedback.
It was a published fact that grounding air traffic in the United States in the days following the 9/11 ...
2
votes
1
answer
67
views
Most curvy rivers?
Missisippi and Amazonas are well known for meandering, but my question is a bit more large-scale. Assume that on a map, you box in the Amazonas into a smallest rectangle. (Exclude all the rivulets ...
- 133
1
vote
2
answers
112
views
Indirect evidence for the Americas [closed]
The existence of the Americas to the peoples of the old world is, nowadays, indisputable. However, this was not the case 600 years ago (for most of Europe).
Columbus landed in the Bahamas, leading to ...
- 21
1
vote
1
answer
28
views
GFS model orography
I'm looking for the model orography of GFS but cannot find it. I tried to download a GRIB file from nomads checking all ...
- 121