All Questions

I'm confused about how increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere affects the pH of the ocean. The increase in CO2 concentration means the pH of the ocean will decrease (by several chemical rxns). ...

I am working on a geoengineering/space infrastructure project and part of that includes the possibility of using oxygen mined from the moon (specifically lunar regolith) to cause ballistic objects to ...

The Washington Post's Antarctic heat wave melted 20 percent of an island’s snow cover in days, caused melt ponds to proliferate includes the figure below of meltwater ponds on top of snow/ice. The ...

Reading Solar Storms Could Confuse Whales and Cause Mass Strandings and the linked open access paper in Cell Gray whales strand more often on days with increased levels of atmospheric radio-frequency ...

In which well known amber location did trees produce amber for the longest continuous period of time, roughly how long was it, and was it long enough to see signs of evolution at work in any of the ...

What are the current research areas of Earth Science in which there is no absolute consensus of agreement on something? For example: What is the current status of the Raymo & Ruddiman ...

The following image is of polished sample of mineral-rich rock. There are two major portions we can see that is ore minerals and rest the grayish material is gangue. The photo was taken with an ore ...

Image source: Wikimedia. There seems to be a few places in the world where amber (fossilized tree resin) can be found in large quantities: Amber can be found in many places around the world ...

It's thought that, shortly after Earth was done being refurbished resurfaced during the Late Heavy Bombardment, life abio-generated almost as soon as it was able to. The short delay led to speculation ...

One thing that still blows my mind about dinosaurs is the massive timeline. Relevant to this question are the time periods: Triassic Period (252.17 to 201.3 million years ago) Cretaceous Period (145 ...

The question is the following: In order to understand the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases we need to understand their transport, both vertically and horizontally. It takes _______ time for a ...

I’ve often thought there were three ways to define the seasons. I’ll use spring as an example. The first are the astronomical seasons, which is what calendars show and in my example would be the date ...

I have layer stacked Landsat 8 image, how can I calculate Normalized difference water index (NDWI) from it? I would have been able to calculate it easily using the raster calculator, if I had the ...

I like to naively think of Earth's natural atmosphere as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water, carbon dioxide and okay, some nitrogen and sulfur oxides, and again okay, a little hydrogen and methane from ...

So Indian peninsula has v shaped mountain ranges. Western ghats and Eastern ghats as shown in the picture. During Summer Monsoon, the wind flows from Indian ocean to land mass, and due to Coriolis ...

With reference to this image...: ...from this recent tweet, I was wondering to what extent would Mediterranean regions be affected by the large desert areas to its South? "Affected", here meaning ...

The announcement Arianespace orbits two satellites – JCSAT-17 and GEO-KOMPSAT-2B – to support connectivity and environmental monitoring in Asia mentions GEO-KOMPSAT-2B which hosts the Geostationary ...

During the Carboniferous, vast deposits of coal (or peat at that time) were created because – as far as I understand – decomposition of wood (white rot?) was not yet "invented" at that time. The ...

In animations that show the location / drift of the continents over the aeons, it seems that the continents (or cratons?) are just floating / drifting around, sometimes fusing or splitting, but having ...

I need to know to which time the SMAP Satellite passes over a certain location in the future. I believe this is called acquisition plan, but I'm not sure. Here for example the sentinel 1 acquisition ...

I am using GFS forecast files from here: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/model-data/model-datasets/global-forcast-system-gfs and processing them with cfgrib: https://github.com/ecmwf/cfgrib ...

International Commission on Stratigraphy defines the limits of geological ages and they create this chart: Click on image for full view. Acording to Wikipedia: The standard stratigraphic ...

I am currently working with sonic measurements in the wells and there is an observation, that velocities are faster in shales over the deviated parts of the well. So, when the relative dip between the ...

What causes the large and very long lasting magma plumes which rise up from the mantle and create a hot spot such as the ones which built the island chains of Hawaii and Galapagos? The volcanic ...

CO2, methane and other gases contribute to the greenhouse effect. But most of the greenhouse effect is caused by water vapour in the atmosphere. There is always a lot average moisture present, but it ...

In Talley et al.'s Descriptive Physical Oceanography, figure S7.4, it seems that vertical Eddy diffusivity increases with depth between 0 and 30 degrees latitude. Why is this? I thought that ...

According to IPCC: Climate change can be a significant driver of desertification and land degradation and can affect food production, thereby, influencing food security. Source: IPCC My ...

The oceans have dissolved gases as N2 or O2. Henry's law establishes there is an equilibrium between the atmospheric concentration of a gas and its concentration in the ocean. The atmosphere has H2O(...

It's very long, I know. But please, don't be discouraged from going through this question if you can help me. The question is at the second to the last paragraph, but you need to read through to ...

Is there popular open-source project on Earth Model for climate change assessment or global earth simulation ? Best regards, Adrien

I came across a narrow streak of clouds in Asia when playing with Google Earth. Does anyone know what that is?

The question Is the sunlight on the GOES-16 Imagery reaching from the east? shows a visible light image and so in the night areas the Earth appears dark and in the day areas the Earth is a bit ...

Quantifying climate change mitigation urgency seems to have three aspects: (1) Green House Gas reduction targets required to meet a specific goal such as 2C. The first guesstimate seems to be zero ...

I was wondering is the sunlight reaching from the general direction east? I came to this conclusion because the image is so dark on the west side however I am not 100% sure.

CH4 and CO2 levels show correlation throughout the Pleistocene: Source: trustyetverify.wordpress.com What are the reasons of this coupling?

I'd like help to understand these charts. They are charts of Sea Ice Volume. One is drawn with linear decline, the other has all sorts of curves fitted onto it. Why do we have these different line ...

I have collect several data sets for a small region in Germany called Hessisches Ried (about 90 km²) from different sources for a time period from 2015 to 2019. Daily rainfall amount & daily ...

I was reading this on realclimate.org. My question on the below is this. Physics can tell you the radiative forcing of CO2, which is $\small\mathsf{5.35ln(Cnew/Cpreindustrial)}$. This tells you how ...

I am confused between a Planetary Reflectance and the Relative Spectral Response (RSR). What I know/guess is that RSR is a response/function of an Instrument band's reflectance against a spectral ...

We have one mass extinction that seperates Trias from Jurassic, roughly huge volcanims over a long period of time, and Pangea starting to divide. Another mass extinction that marks the end of ...

If you are viewing the world map on globe, where should you place the center of visible hemisphere so that the maximum land mass is visible. I think this should be somewhere near the Eurasian point of ...

After downloading the data from ERA5-reanalysis, I just need to extract weather at a certain lat, lon. In cds toolbox, geo.extract_point function is handy. However, I could not find similar function ...

Can you please guide me as to what is the intensity of earth's magnetic and electric fields in different regions of earth. Also, specifically in case of hilly or mountainious regions.

I am trying to get Gallup to do a scientific poll of published climatologists to greatly strengthen the credibility of the 97% consensus. This must start with very excellent formal definitions of ...

The New York Times obituary Robert M. White, Who Revolutionized Weather Forecasts, Dies at 92 shows the image below. It looks like it might be a model of the Earth but I can't tell for sure. Can the ...

Why isn't the acceleration of an object in Earth's gravity related to the object's mass? Please, try to explain this effect without physical formulas, but using only logical formulation.

Waves are mostly caused by Friction of wind on surface of water. Wind blows from sea to land in day and land to sea in night due to pressure and temperature difference. So it is intuitive why there ...

In an episode of History Channel's How the Earth Was Made, there was a remark when India left the rest of Gondwana 80 million years ago only to collide with mainland Asia 50.5 million years ago. The ...

I am looking for any studies or maps detailing the average salinity and temperature for areas of the Earth's oceans. As an extra if anyone has data or maps on areas with large amounts of in-trained ...

I am writing an essay about White Island’s 2019 eruption, and I need to know if the eruption was directly triggered by people. Is it possible that it was? Whether it being quarrying, too much tourism ...