Questions tagged [climate-change]
Questions about changes of the climate system, including questions about global warming.
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Question about calculating cloud raditiave feedback by adjusted cloud radiative forcing
from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-022-06369-z
from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-022-06577-7
These two formulas aim to calculate cloud radiative feedback by ...
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Need help to understand definitions in Box 7.1 (Forcing and Response) in IPCC 2021
I'm trying to understand Box 7.1 "The Energy Budget Framework: Forcing and Response" in the IPCC 2021 document. The link is https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-7/ .
$N(x_{1},...
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How much cooler would the Earth’s surface be if there was no contribution from radiogenic heating?
According to Earth's internal heat budget (Wikipedia) “About 50% of the Earth's internal heat originates from radioactive decay”.
However, this makes up only a small portion of the Earth’s heat budget ...
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Estimated surface average temperature rise when forest is replaced by solar panels
In some places in the world it can be observed that spots which used to be forest (or with the potential to become a forest) were changed to fields of solar panels.
I've been close to solar panels on ...
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Water on our planet, where did it come from? [closed]
Water on our planet, where did it come from?
A water molecule is created when two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen. W
The volume of all water (on our planet) is about 332.5 million ...
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What 18O indicators are there besides foraminifera?
It is now standard practice to use foraminifera to represent paleo 18O signatures from a marine system. However, there are some problems if you want to show 18O variations in the last 100 years using ...
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Effective Radiative Forcing of Aviation Soot: Time Period Considered
I am trying to understand how athmospheric scientists are quantifying effective radiative forcing of different aviation-related warming/cooling effects as a function of total emissions over time.
For ...
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Since the upwelling of calcium carbonate reduces surface pCO2, why is its dissolution in the CCD below the lysocline of concern?
Why is so much of the literature I run across regarding global warming concerned with precipitating $\ce{CaCO3}$ to the ocean floor?
In areas of relatively lower pH, such as the eastern equatorial ...
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What is the role of stratospheric water vapor emissions in climate change?
Water vapor is the most significant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere. However, tropospheric water vapor has a short atmospheric half-life. Therefore, anthropogenic surface-level water vapor ...
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Why are REGOs are so bad?
Firstly, a REGO is a Renewable Energy Guarantee of Origin. We have these in the UK, and they are probably quite self-explanatory: a windfarm (for example) generates a certain amount of kWh which are ...
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Estimate warming caused by the current sea ice anomaly in Antarctica
I’ve read about the Ice Albedo Feedback effect on global warming. Antarctica has had a large sea ice anomaly from late 2021 until now. What is the average change in energy flux over the period 21 June ...
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Climate change impact on the geography
Wildfires seem to be more frequent in the southern Europe, meantime as the Arctic melts, there are speculations that the Gulf Stream might collapse, would lower the temperature 10-15 degrees in Europe....
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Can a collapse of the AMOC lead to suboxic conditions?
For a couple of years The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation AMOC has been under observation. There have been examples in the past, when sudden state changes of it lead to short term and ...
user29219
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How is this global temperature chart compiled?
In this BBC News article, there is a chart labelled "Hottest day on record globally - Daily average air temperature, 1940-2023". It shows temperatures that are higher in summer and lower in ...
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Why does OISST trend for this year appear to be increasingly diverging from the mean since early March?
With recent news about hottest global daily temps on record, I came across climatereanalyzer.org from the University of Maine.
I ended up looking at their data for daily sea surface temperature and ...
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Why do cow burps and farts harm the planet?
It is often said that meat is among the most damaging foods from a climate change perspective. However, I don't quite understand why that is true, in the long run.
Disclaimer: I am a vegan for animal ...
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Temperature Data Software
I'm looking to create a map of the U.S. that depicts mean winter and summer temperatures. Is there a software suitable for this?
I found CSVs of data here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-daily/...
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How is the "hottest day ever on Earth" determined?
The news is reporting a global climate event:
The hottest day ever on Earth since records began happened on July 3, 2023.
Earth's hottest day ever recorded was on July 3, 2023
Turns out, the record ...
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Difference between downwasting and dynamic glacier response to climate change
The acceleration
of glacier shrinkage after 1985 indicates a transition toward rapid down- wasting rather than a
dynamic glacier response to a changed climate
I am unable to distinguish between ...
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Why is global warming bad? [closed]
I had a discussion about this with my coworker. It appears that global warming (even up to +6K) has advantages:
increased plant growth: increase in photosynthesis efficiency
more water evaporation ...
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What is technically wrong with Wijngaarden & Happer's paper claiming to show that CO2's contribution to surface warming is saturated?
The paper, Dependence of Earth’s Thermal Radiation on Five Most
Abundant Greenhouse Gases1, has been reportedly rejected from several major journals. By analysing absorption spectra of greenhouse ...
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What arguments does Svante Arrhenius make in 1896 to prove the correlation between "carbonic acid" and ground temperature increase?
I tried reading Arrhenius' paper (https://www.rsc.org/images/Arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf), but having no background in natural sciences, it was too inaccessible to me. What is the high-level ...
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The hottest part of the day
I have lived nearly my entire life in the same home. It appears to me, the hottest part of the day is getting a bit latter in the day. I tired doing a google search, but I did not see any links that ...
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Curve number adjustment based on antecedent rainfall
Is there any equation I can use to determine curve number as a function of the antecedent precipitation? I am aware of three sets of curve numbers for dry, wet and normal conditions. I was looking at ...
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What determines and confirms sensitivity of glaciers to climate change/ climate forcing?
Consider two groups of glaciers, say Group A and Group B. For simplicity, let's consider the group to fall in one size class (say 1-5 sq km), both located in the same kind of climate. We DO NOT know ...
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Planetary surface temperature from first principles
How can you calculate planetary surface temperatures from first principles? The obvious application is for Earth, with a surface temperature of $288$K. I want a calculation with no fudge factors (i.e.,...
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How much does overpopulation affect the carbon dioxide concentration in the air in terms of just breathing?
I'm not talking about other artificial human activities like fossil fuels or cars or cattle farming. I meant just in terms of breathing, how much did the CO2 level of the earth increase because of the ...
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Why would glaciers change its size? How to differenciate change in glacier size as a response to climate and its natural dynamics?
Glaciers flow as they deform under its own weight. But they also advance or retreat accordingly to the various climate factors.
How would I differentiate a glacier that is in motion flowing down the ...
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What was the impact of nuclear tests on climate change and ozone layer depletion?
Since 1945 2476 nuclear bombs were exploded on this planet during tests with a total yield of 545 megatons. The peak of testing took place in the late 50's and early 60's with 116 bombs exploded in ...
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Is it safe for me to move to the coast?
I live in Brazil, around 200 km from the nearest coast.
I'm looking to move to Rio de Janeiro (a coastal city) to study at the Federal University of Rio, which is basically on an island (Ilha do ...
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IPCC 6 - What's the background of possible marine species loss?
The Figure "Projected risks and impacts of climate change on natural and human systems at different global warming levels" has this to say on species loss (only part of the image):
I can't ...
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Why is bush encroachement a bad thing?
From what I've read about bush encroachment, it is most often made to sound as a bad thing, potentially as a symptom of land degradation. This sounds counterintuitive to me because bush encroachment ...
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Global warming caused by direct energy release [duplicate]
We know that global warming has a component caused by greenhouse gases, but I was wondering how much of the heat is caused directly by burning fuel.
I made this classification to explain what i am ...
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Simulating snow melt inundation in urban areas
I am trying to understand how melt water from snow in urban setting gets routed.
I understand that for routing rain water, one can create grid and then determine the flow direction for each cell by ...
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How dangerous is it that no global warming prevention measures are taken? What is the maximal warming, the limit?
This image in wikipedia shows that the temperature is going to increase 4.1-4.8 °C in 2100 if no policies are taken.
How much raise in temperature can be reached in later times?
Is there some ...
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What are the U.S. government's plans for dealing with the event of Lake Mead drying up in the near future?
I watched a documentary this morning about how the water level on Lake Mead keeps dropping due to a historical 20+ year long drought. The lake's water level has been dropping due to a decrease in ...
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Does climate change generate more cold waves?
I answered to this question some time ago:
Who are winners from the global warming? Are there any?
The user asked if Russia would benefit from climate change.
I found a paper that asserts:
Our ...
user28185
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Would the US East Coast rise if everyone living there moved away?
I watched a documentary about research on the coasts of Greenland where the sea level has fallen. According to the research, this is because a lot of the glaciers have melted, resulting in less weight ...
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Why does this resource give no insolation change since Roman times?
This grapher states that the Sun energy output in watts/m2 has not changed in 2200 years (0.0022 Ma ago until 0 Ma ago) .
Why is there an invariance as time approaches glacial minimum?
Years Ago
...
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What consequences of the global climate change are expected in the next 50 years?
It is known, that due to global warming, the average temperature on Earth over the past 100 years has increased by 1.2 degrees. At the same time, I heard that earlier the temperature of the Earth was ...
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Shorter Showers Effect on Environment
I was told that if I take a shorter shower it will impact the environment positively. That extra water saved could be used for struggling countries or other uses. As a result, I should take a 5min ...
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Climate Change Solutions - Pros and Cons
I am beginning my research on climate change and am not familiar with all of the problems that can occur. At the same time, I know there are potential solutions to react to climate change.
For example,...
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How can a single layer atmospheric model for the greenhouse effect be consistent with adiabatic temperature gradient and optical depth considerations?
I'm completely lost...In an elementary course on meteorology, we recently learned how to explain the greenhouse effect in terms of a simple single-layer atmosphere model.
Based on the image below ...
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Why is dependence of radiation forcing on CO2 concentration logarithmic?
As a newbie on climate science and meteorology I'm trying to understand the almost logarithmic behavior of CO2 concentration on radiation forcing
$$F(c) = A \cdot \ln \frac{c}{c_0}$$
and why there is ...
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Convert methane emissions calculated with GWP100 to GWP20
Given a figure of 1 tonne of CO2e methane emissions, where the CO2e figure is calculated using the 100-year global warming potential, is it possible to do a straight conversion back to tonnes of ...
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How can carbon flows be modeled mathematically?
In this video Earth's carbon cycle is investigated with a bit of maths.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIOrF0-R33o
It is in German, but the idea behind I can describe easily:
There are reservoirs of ...
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IPCC AR6 References
Does the IPCC publish its references (i.e. the references used in the report, not citations for the reports or chapters themselves) beyond what is in the PDFs of the reports themselves?
I'm looking ...
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How to simulate rainfall for a 1 in 100 year storm event?
I have information about total rainfall during a 24-hour, 1 in 100-year storm event for a location. (source: https://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/index.html). I would like to use this information and ...
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How to demonstrate the warming effect of CO2 at home?
Is there any simple experiment which can be done to show empirical evidence that carbon dioxide causes the greenhouse effect?
I'm imagining something simple like two sealed fish tanks, one filled with ...
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Where Do I FInd IPCC RCP Global Mean Temperature Predictions?
We have written a free textbook at (http://climate-change.world). Its main focus is on the social science side of changing emissions. We are not atmospheric scientists, so all we want to do is to ...
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