Questions tagged [climate-models]
Mathematical models used for studying the dynamics of climate systems or predicting future climates.
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Bias correction of CMIP6 projections
Is it always mandatory to perform a bias correction when working with CMIP6 climate projections?
I am working with multiple climate projections from CMPI6 and I'm not sure if this step is necessary, ...
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Effective Radiative Forcing of Aviation Soot: Time Period Considered
I am trying to understand how athmospheric scientists are quantifying effective radiative forcing of different aviation-related warming/cooling effects as a function of total emissions over time.
For ...
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Faulty dataset on Worldclim.org
I am currently working on a research project regarding climate sensitivities of plant species and I need to analyze future climate data. Worldclim.org has a broad spectrum of climate data based on ...
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What are the differences between 'Amon' and 'Emon' Table IDs in CMIP6?
While looking for atmospheric data in CMIP6, I came across two Table entries: Amon and Emon, both seem to contain monthly-mean ...
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Climate change impact on the geography
Wildfires seem to be more frequent in the southern Europe, meantime as the Arctic melts, there are speculations that the Gulf Stream might collapse, would lower the temperature 10-15 degrees in Europe....
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What is the highest evaporation rate in the world? I know evaporation rates for Australia
I have been searching for the above answer for more than 25 years.
I am providing a map of Australia for comparison
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/maps/averages/evaporation/
Is evaporation rate 4000 ...
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Why does OISST trend for this year appear to be increasingly diverging from the mean since early March?
With recent news about hottest global daily temps on record, I came across climatereanalyzer.org from the University of Maine.
I ended up looking at their data for daily sea surface temperature and ...
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How to convert hourly measured GPP from µmol m-2 s-1 to daily data with unit of gC/m2/day?
I have hourly-observed gross primary production data with the unit as µmol m-2 s-1, how can I convert it to daily data with unit of gC/m2/day?
The data is like this:
...
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What is technically wrong with Wijngaarden & Happer's paper claiming to show that CO2's contribution to surface warming is saturated?
The paper, Dependence of Earth’s Thermal Radiation on Five Most
Abundant Greenhouse Gases1, has been reportedly rejected from several major journals. By analysing absorption spectra of greenhouse ...
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What is the climate footprint of burning lignite coal - once you account for the athmosheric cooling effect of sulfur dioxide?
Sulfur oxides have a strong but short lasting athmosheric cooling effect. Vulcanic eruptions provide test of that. Lignite or "brown coal" has a reputaion as a paricularly "dirty" ...
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Understanding Temperature's Effect on Glen's Flow Rate Factor A = A(T) and Why we Take A = Constant
I'm trying to better understand why I see so many people pick a fixed value of $A$ in Glen's Flow law when doing glacier modeling. I found that using a simple Arrhenius relationship we get the formula
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Planetary surface temperature from first principles
How can you calculate planetary surface temperatures from first principles? The obvious application is for Earth, with a surface temperature of $288$K. I want a calculation with no fudge factors (i.e.,...
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Why do clouds have positive climate feedback although they have a cooling net effect?
In a lecture we learned that instantaneously removing all clouds from earth would give radiation forcing of about 18W/m² [1], leading to significant warming. So clouds, in simple words, cool the earth ...
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is there any site a layman can understand excess rain (floods) and earth warming
I am not a scientist but I am interested in the effects of global warming on the envirand would like to read more in a layman form.
I have read where global warming - hotter earth surface temperature ...
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How can carbon flows be modeled mathematically?
In this video Earth's carbon cycle is investigated with a bit of maths.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIOrF0-R33o
It is in German, but the idea behind I can describe easily:
There are reservoirs of ...
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Which metric to use for estimating accuracy of a climate model?
Let's assume I have 3 different climate models for a specific region that project the temperature. I also have the observations of that region for the same time frame(the real temperatures). My ...
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Where can I find detailed description of different VARIANT-IDs in CMIP6 metadata?
Where do I find the documentation of different VARIANT-IDs for the CMIP6 dataset? A VARIANT-ID is of the format ...
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Change in thermohaline circulation due to climate change
The melting of the North Polar ice masses removes a driving factor from the thermohaline circulation, known as the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic. I wonder how much the thermohaline circulation has ...
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Describe changes in atmosphere data - mathematical solutions
I interpolated isotopic data (2H or 18O) from 1970 and plotted it on a map. I did the same with data from 2010. The interpolated data are gridded data which have changed over time. Up to now I have ...
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What does the "strength" of a circulation cell refer to?
I'm reading articles about climate models for possible exoplanets, and I'm confused as to what the "strength" of a Hadley or Ferrell cell refers to. Does it refer to wind speed? Wind force?
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Geotiff for Elevation Data or NetCDF
I need elevation data with lat and long for a project worldwide. By intuition I would say that a GeoTiff would be suitable, e.g. the one from https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gdem.asp.
Are there better ...
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How quickly climate zones are shifting due to climate change!
Hi I was wondering how fast the climate zones (according to W. Köppen) have shifted in the last 22 years. It is well known that the zones shift about 100-200 km to the north or south for each degree ...
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Universal or Ordinary Kriging?
Hi I am creating an isoscape model in which I am plotting 2H and 18O of precipitation. Until now I have always used ordinary kriging for the interpolation, but I am somewhat dissatisfied with the ...
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Algorithm for the interpolation?
I have managed to plot various points on a map and interpolate with ordinary kriging. However, my data does not look anything like it should. Do I need to use an algorithm to fill in the missing data? ...
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Problems when interpolating time series data (average problem)
Hi I want to create two isotope data (1970-1980) and (2010-2020). As you can mention, the interpolation for the two maps is based on the average value measured at different stations in each time ...
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Python, R or etc.? [closed]
I was wondering which programming language is most used in the geosciences? I have now started programming with Python but I am reading more and more about R! I would like to ask the experienced ...
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Identify and mask lakes
I have a question, I can mask out the oceans in the interpolation but not the lakes. Does anyone have an approach?
I have taken the masking of the oceans from: https://www.earthinversion.com/...
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Complex interpolation for Isotopic data
I have another question, is there a package that interpolates precipitation data taking into account mountains and oceans? I have so far used Numpy and Basemap but as you can see in the code, the data ...
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What is the best way to interpolate Isotopic data and display them?
I want to interpolate isotope data of precipitation and display it on a map. The data are available as a CSV file.
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Urban heat island effect during winter time?
Say a given populated area is considered an "urban heat island", this would mean that during summer, temperatures will be higher in that area.
But what about winter? One could argue that ...
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Empirical quantile mapping
I'm not sure if this is the right section to post this, but since it's about weather and statistics I am posting it here first.
I tried using R's qmap package to do a simple experiment using this ...
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What are some reasons for Aridification
I an working on a Si-Fi world, and am looking for ways that an area would, over a long timescale, lose the majority of its water. I understand how the lose of vegetative cover due to climate changes ...
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Modelling atmospheric temperature as function of elevation
If I have a body that is exposed to light of intensity $I$, then its temperature should follow the ODE
$$\dot{T} = a I - b T^4$$
Mountains are covered with snow, yet $I$ should be the same as at sea ...
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radar data for buoyancy measurements of cyclones
I'm sorry if I'm asking in the wrong forum. I'm a computational scientist and I do not have much physics background.
I'm working on constructing machine learning models from data. Currently, I've only ...
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Why don't errors accumulate in climate models when the time horizon increases?
First of all, I want to add the disclaimer that I am not a climate sceptic or anything. I honestly want to understand this phenomenon. Hopefully, someone can also go into the details as I do have ...
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Can historical emissions data be used for a future WRF-Chem model run?
I am new to running the WRF-Chem model, so this question maybe a little elementary. I wanted to perform an year-long simulation of certain chemical species for 2019 and for that, is it sufficient to ...
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Is spin-up really required to run the WRF-Chem model and if so, what determines the time period of the spin-up?
For example, I am interested in making a simulation for some chemical species for 2019. I am planning to provide NCEP/GDAS FNL meteorological data at 0.25 degree and CAM-Chem chemical boundary layer. ...
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How exactly can one make out the direction of and temperature of winds [closed]
I am trying to make a fictional world, but I want to be as realistic as humanly possible with the winds and climate. So my question is, knowing various parametres, how exactly can I make out what ...
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How are they holding COP26 if the IPCC hasn't yet finished the report?
How are they holding COP26 if the IPCC hasn't yet completed its latest Assessment Report? I'm reading it at the moment, and more often than not there are descriptions to figures without the figures ...
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Looking for the mathematics so I can run climate change simulations
Sorry for the stupid question, but I have been unable to answer it even after wasting time googleing for a while... I know there are several climate-changes scenarios, and I know the several climatic ...
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What Pa level should I use when looking at Relative Humidity data from CMIP6 models?
I have downloaded a number of future simulations for a group of GCMs from CMIP6 for the variable Relative Humidity (hur).
I chose the 100000pa level to view the RH data in panoply for the EC-Earth ...
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Why are the CMIP6 model outputs for Relative Humidity not scaled to between 1-100%?
I have been looking at the CMIP6 model outputs for 'hur' (Relative Humidity/RH) and I see that they are not scaled to be between 1 and 100 (the units are percent).
Why is this? Is it just an oversight ...
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Using variables from different CMIP6 models
I would like to know if using variables (ex: sea surface temperature, precipitation, etc.) from two CMIP6 climate models to produce a species/niche distribution model is an accepted practice and won’t ...
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How do academics/institutions run large climate simulations given the computing challenges?
I have been brushing up on numerical methods for PDEs lately, and climate models provide such a rich set of models and ideas to practice with. However, I was a little confused about how academics can ...
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Simple model that exhibits a climate tipping point
I am trying to understand climate tipping points better and I am looking for a place to ask the following question. If Earth Science SE isn't the right place, a recommendation of a better place would ...
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Climate on Venus after it becomes tidally locked
Suppose, Venus becomes tidally locked. Will its dark side cool enough so that the CO2 from atmosphere to precipitate in liquid form to make an ocean?
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How to convert CO2 emission from gC/m2/day to Tonnes?
I have an ODIAC Global CO2 emission dataset. The dataset is provided in netCDF (.nc) format and the resolution of the dataset is 1x1 degree. The unit of the dataset is gC/m2/day. I need to convert it ...
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How to convert mol m-2 s-1 CO2 emission to Megaton day-1 (MtCO2 per day)?
I am working on the global CO2 emission using a model dataset. The model provides the CO2 emission in mol m-2 s-1. How to convert mol m-2 s-1 CO2 emission to Megaton day-1 (Mt per day)?
Regards
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How much would weather data from ocean-going vessels improve climate research?
I would like to know how good the weather data coverage is on the surface of the world’s oceans, and how much it would improve climate research/models if weather observations from ocean-going vessels ...
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How to calculate the specific humidity based on the saturated specific humidity?
I am using ERA5 data to drive the land surface model. One of the forcing required by LSM is specific humidity. We want to use the 2-m specific humidity. So how can I calculate the specific humidity ...
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