Questions tagged [earth-system]
The earth-system tag has no usage guidance.
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Effect of eccentricity and axial precession on glaciation/deglaciation
Having learned about the Milankovitch cycles, I've found two entirely separate explanations from different sources on how the combination of precession and eccentricity changes affect glaciation vs ...
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Dedicated book to understand climate and ocean science
Let me explain: I am a physics student who did some basic earth science during my early high school days. But thinking about earth science makes me very curious about deeper topics, like how the ...
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Can the planetary alignment actually affect earthquakes? [duplicate]
We've been hearing a lot these past few days about planes alignments and how it would affect seismology. How scientifically true is that?
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Under which conditions would you see the MOST lake effect precipitation?
It's well known that the Great Lakes produce large amounts of precipitation in the Fall. When cold polar air moves over the lakes it causes large amounts of relatively warm moist air to rise, ...
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Where can I find detailed description of different VARIANT-IDs in CMIP6 metadata?
Where do I find the documentation of different VARIANT-IDs for the CMIP6 dataset? A VARIANT-ID is of the format ...
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How, and where, are the unusual occurences of extinction debt playing out? [closed]
"Extinction Debt" describes the delayed disappearance of a species following some geologically fast change in an earth system that cannot be escaped. For example, it might takes years of ...
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After global warming, does an ice age occur because the polar caps have melted and caused more water to absorb the gloabl warming
Is there a le Chatilier principle within Earth - Earth heats up causes global warming resulting in polar ice melt resulting in higher sea levels which takes up the extra earth temp and the over ...
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How does atmospheric pressure remains constant even though we have released 43 billion tons of $\ce{CO2}$ in one year?
I've heard that the concentration of CO2 has been increased in the air.
It should have increased atmospheric pressure, right?
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What would happen to the earth if we removed nearly all of the air? [closed]
I wanted to know : what if someone pulled a really strong vacuum and prevented any air to enter. Would the earth be destroyed or nothing much would happen? I am not talking about the people and other ...
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When will the Earth lose its magnetic field?
Mars lost its magnetic field 4.5 billion years ago according to this article:
Mars lost its global magnetic field during the time of this heightened activity. After 500 million years, the Martian ...
user20559
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How much does the biosphere contribute to Earth's entropy production?
Papers like 1, 2, etc. and the work of Axel Kleidon (e.g. 3) suggest that the the biosphere increases the production of entropy of Earth but I'd like to know if we could quantify this in a simple way. ...
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What is the typical chemical composition of Earth's mass gain
Consider this : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_mass#Variation
To quote:
The main factor in mass gain is in-falling material, cosmic dust, meteors, etc. are the most significant contributors to ...
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Why does Meteorology rely on a spherical model of the earth, rather than a flat earth, to function? [closed]
I hear all the arguments one explains to a flat earther as to why the earth is Spherical and not flat. I am not a meteorologist, but I know enough Meteorology for me to fly safely as a pilot. Getting ...
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Is Earth's atmosphere 1600 km thick?
Some textbooks say that atmosphere extends up to 1600 km, but exosphere is more than 9000 km thick.
Where is the mistake?
George carlin
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Luis Alvarez's K-T Impactor Calculation
I am trying to perform the calculation that Luis Alvarez used to establish the size of the K-T impactor. I used the following information:
Assume that the clay layer with iridium was uniformly ...
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How many storms are happening on Earth at a given moment? [closed]
How many different storms, thunderstorms, snow storms, hurricanes, typhoons, what have you, are happening in the Earth our planet at any given point in time. Furthermore, I imagine they are over the ...
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Aren’t photons the vector for energy input to earth? [closed]
As such the fuel for earth’s Carbon cycle.
Wouldn’t photons be the alleged “electromagnetic” mode of energy transfer into earth?
Providing energy for the endothermic photosynthetic processes and ...
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Why are there no mountains higher than ~10 km? [duplicate]
Mars have several mountains above 10 km, with the highest being around 22 km (full list for Solar System here). Same for Io, Jupiter's moon. In contrast, the Earth has no mountain higher than 10.2 km (...
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Could someone please validate the Holmes equation [closed]
Dr. Robert Holmes has converted the ideal gas law to T = P M / (ρ R) in this paper: (Molar Mass Version of the Ideal Gas Law Points to a Very Low Climate Sensitivity) with T = temperature P = near-...
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What place on Earth is closest to the Sun?
What is the location on Earth that is closest to the Sun?
I've seen this question asked many times, and answered in varied and contradictory ways:
The most common answer is “the summit of Chimborazo ...
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How many kg $ha^-$$^1$ of exchangeable $Mg^2$$^+$ is there in the top 15cm of this field?
Soil testing from a well-drained soil sample in 0-15cm depth of a farmers field provides the following
information:
• Wet weight of a soil sample from a volume of 100 $cm^3$: 200 g
• Moisture ...
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Tipping point theory, historical examples
This article gives a wonderful overview of tipping point theory, where a large system can be brought into a different state by a small perturbation.
Searching online I have found mostly articles on ...
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What is the angle between earth's axis of rotation and equator? Are they perpendicular or at 66 1/2 Degrees?
By rotational axis I mean axial tilt or Axial obliquity or 66 1/2 degrees tilt of earth to its orbital.
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Would the Gaia hypothesis have any practical use?
I recently stumbled upon the Gaia hypothesis, which briefly states that the Earth itself is a living organism.
I am wondering: Would this hypothesis have any practical use? Does it make any ...
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Creating regular grid for my data? [closed]
I have daily spatiotemporal data with covariates at 10 different locations. My question is is it possible to convert my data into a grid format?
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Do ocean level rise estimates account for mantle elasticity and plate mass changes?
In the mainstream media the problem of ocean level rise is presented rather... over-simplistically - ice melts -> more water flows into the oceans -> water level rises -> continents sink.
But it is ...
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Are there other divisions of Earth following beyond hemispheres? [closed]
I know it's a silly question, but it really bothers me since the word hemisphere derives from Greek ημί- (i.e. hemi-) which cannot be further expanded, while the English equivalent semi- can be ...
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What is the importance of oxidation process?
I am asking this question, because I don't know the importance of oxidation process at all, and this question pops into my mind because currently I've been researching why apples turn into brown color ...
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How do we know what Earth's core is made of? [duplicate]
There are many graphic representations of the Earth's core, but I would like to know how did scientists determine what the core is made of, how hot it is, rotation etc. without actually being there?
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Global Land and Sea Surface Temperature Data
We are a spin-off from TU Munich and currently working on equipping a
CubeSat with a thermal imager.
The imager should be able to acquire thermal/ir images with resolution of about 200m/px. In the ...
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How to run earth system, land surface and climate models?
I am interested in earth system models, land surface models and climate prediction models. I found a lot of online information on different models, including CIMP5, and the Earth System Modeling ...
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Changes in Earth's orbital and rotation speeds
What are the Earth's maximum and minimum orbital speeds around the Sun?
Is there any way to calculate orbital speed at any point of Earth's orbit? Is there a way to relate this to the calendar?
Does ...
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What are the basic rules of how light and seasons affect landscape and objects lighting?
It would probably be a strange question for here but i will shoot it.
I want to modify the shaders for Prepar3d the next version of MS flight simulator game.
I have ways of interfering with ambient/...
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Are pumps used in geothermal systems?
The water held underground in a geothermal system is under high temperature and pressure. Are pumps used to raise the very hot underground water to the surface or does the water rise under its own ...
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High resolution global land use projections
I am looking for global land use projections for a large scale hydrological analysis. The most widely used datasets are the LUH (v1) Products used for CMIP5 based on Hurtt et al 2011. These products ...
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Does human body temperature impact climate change?
The human body temperature is about 37 °C (99 °F), so as the population increases does this cause the Earth's temperature to rise?
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Water and explosive volcanoes in the Pacific ring of fire
Most volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire have an explosive nature. This is due to high concentrations of water in their magma. Obviously, this magma comes from several kilometres below the earth's ...
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How much energy released by the Theia-Gaia impact?
I read somewhere that the Chicxulub impact released the energy equivalent of anywhere from 100-300 teratons of TNT. That's an impressive amount of energy.
Assuming a head on collision (according to ...
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Why in different places seems directions are changed? [closed]
I'm living at place A I traveled to B and I seen like sun isn't set as in place A. Like directions are changed. Where east is in place B is north of A and south of A is west of B. Because of sun ...
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Earth's Internal Heat Engine
What is the internal heat engine of the Earth?
Doing research, I found out that the external heat engine of the Earth is the Sun. However, when I did research on the internal heat engine of the Earth,...
user6865
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Half of Earth with most landmass
About 71% of the Earth's surface is covered with water and the remaining 29% is landmass*. If you could theoretically cut the planet in half, with the objective of producing a half with the most ...
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Why doesn't the earth become superheated?
One day I was sitting in an Atlanta traffic jam wondering about all the engine exhaust heat warming the localised environment. Later that night, things will have cooled down. Where did the heat go? ...
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Reason for rotting smell after first rain of the season?
Last day we had first rain after 3-4 months of hot&dry weather, and within 3-4 minutes a rotting smell came from nowhere. Due this smell I had running nose for a day. What might be the reason for ...
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The free oxygen (O$_2$) in the atmosphere is largely a result of what process?
Does it come from
a)atmospheric lightning and ozone dissociation.
b)meteorite impacts early in the earth's geological history.
c)Paleozoic volcanic activity.
d)photosynthetic processes.
e)...
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What is the life-cycle of agricultural water used to grow crops/animals?
A là this Slate article:
1 gallon of water is required to grow a single almond
220 gallons to grow a large avocado
5,000 gallons to grow 1 lb of beef
None of these things weighs anywhere near ...
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Would life on Earth survive without the Sun?
Would life on Earth survive if Sun wasn't there? My teacher told me that there are chances that it would but there would be a lack of gases and chemicals and photosynthesis that occurs with light at ...
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How does the Sun heat the Earth?
The core of the sun has a temperature of 15,000,000 °C.
The surface of the sun has temperature around 5,000 °C.
The sun is around 93 million miles (150 million km) away from earth.
My Question: With ...
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How was the Earth formed?
What events took place in our Solar System which led to formation of the Earth?
I have heard from sources that a big giant star exploded and the Earth was formed. Is this true ?
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Differences between hydrothermal vents on Earth and Europa
Hydrothermal vents are common in areas subject to volcanic activity at the bottom of Earth's oceans. Meanwhile, hydrothermal vents are believed to exist on Jupiter's moon Europa and maybe in other ...
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Is it true that distance between earth and sun is closer in winter season (January) and farther in summer season in the Northern Hemisphere?
Recently I heard that in winter season the distance between the Earth and the Sun will be closest and it is farthest in summer. If it is true then why is it hotter in summer and cooler in winter?
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