Questions tagged [geology]
The science comprising the study of the rocks Earth is composed of, and the processes by which they change. Some subfields of geology are petrology, mineralogy, and geophysics.
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Input of the relation, source and receptor files into SLB Omega
Is anyone using SLB Omega that knows how to input the source, relation and receptor files that are not using SPS format?
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What criteria determines whether earthquakes are classified as new or aftershocks?
I saw a recent paper where it is claimed that aftershocks can occur years, decades or centuries after the main earthquake.
When seismic activity is observed, what criteria determines the ...
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How to extend the Wyllie time average equation to multiple constituents
I understand the Wyllie time average equation
How to extend it to multiple constituents ?
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Good modern paper demonstrating differentiation of glauconite and berthierine using xrd or FTIR
I'm looking for a recent paper that demonstrates how one would unambiguously differentiate glauconite from berthierine and have yet to find something useful.
I'm running across a lot of papers seeming ...
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What is the reason behind the density being negative value
This is the example density depth functions for various sedimentary sections world wide. But someof the sections marked with red, due to their last term, as i increase the value of z(depth) they ...
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How to compare sensitivity with lithology between different crossplots?
In the given figure, which is plot of various elastic parameter for sand (blue) and shale(red) sequence. How to find Which crossplot has has greater sensitivity to lithology? Also what is mean by ...
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Why is static modulus greater then dynamic modulus in limestone?
Generally dynamic modulus is greater then static modulus and experimental data matches that. But in chalcedonic limestone, the static modulus looks to be greater than the dynamic modulus. What could ...
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How much of the planet's land mass is between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn [closed]
I know this isn't readily available. I know that it is 68% Northern Hemisphere vs 32% Southern. And I know that it's 68% Eastern vs 32% Western.
My wife asked me why I wanted to know and she got the ...
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What is the reason that some elastic constants are negative?
In this table of elastic constants, indices m = 1 and n = 4 result in negative values. What could the reason be?
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Is the Pacific Plate composed of smaller plates?
The question, Why are all lower mantle plumes under oceans? has the following diagram
which was taken from Wikipedia Commons.
About half of the large red dots occur on or near the boundaries of ...
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what is the value of y in additive time series decomposition
I understand the additive time series formula is y = trend + Seasonal + cyclic + residual. But what is the value of y. Is it the the combination of trend, seasonal , cyclic and residual which is shown ...
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Why the groundwater depth is different in same area
I recently measured groundwater levels using a tape in three different boreholes for where the holes are in same area. Each hole had a different level of water. Holes A and B are just 4 meters apart ...
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How to connect drillhole from section to the planar view to calculate dip and azimuth?
We have a set of old sections with drill data that I would like to extract and model. I can add sections just fine in Leapfrog, but I have issues with the drill holes, especially connecting the drill ...
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Why are all lower mantle plumes under oceans?
Having a look at the attached image (original at Wikipedia Hot Spot page) I noticed that all mantle plumes originating from lower mantle (in red) are under oceans. Why?
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Estimation of rare earth elements in the SUAC complex
I am currently competing in a case study competition a part of which has asked us to estimate the amount of Nd, Pr, and Dy in the SUAC complex (Sung Valley Ultramafic-Alkaline-Carbonatite) in electric ...
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Pre-Phanerozoic CO2 levels and pluricell life influence in C Earth's cycle
This graph presents an estimate of Phanerozoic CO2 levels on Earth.
From the onset of the graph, it appears that CO2 levels are rising. However, I've come across papers, such as this one, suggesting ...
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From how deep in the mantle has any rock ever been brought to the surface? Have scientists found anything they believe originated in the outer core?
I wonder if this is even possible to know....
Do geophysicists and geologists have even a 'theoretical' idea about how deep Earth's churning of its layers goes?
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How is the apparent volume affected by particle packing?
This is from paper "The packing of particles" by A.E.R Westman and H.R. Hugill.
Here they give result as, "it is evident that if the diameter ratio is
unity, ie., the coarse and fine ...
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Do subducted continents rise up again through ridges?
Layman here, sorry if this is a stupid question. I have a geology friend who recently told me that plate tectonics is like how warm milk cools on top to form thin solid layers. The convection cells in ...
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Are These Leaf Fossils Found Near a Texas Lake Shore?
I recently came across some intriguing specimens near a lake shore in Texas and am seeking your expertise to help identify them. The objects have a few characteristics that lead me to believe they ...
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How fast can water erode stone?
Is there a way to know, how fast can water erode stone? I mean, if I just put a single stone and drip water on it 24/7, how soon will erosion become noticable?
I've seen a video about "15,25 and ...
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Why are most islands in the Caspian Sea elongated and some of them even have tails?
I was seeing the Caspian Sea from Google Maps satellite mode and I found most islands are elongated in shape (the biggest of them Ogurja ada or Ogurchinsky island).
Also there are islands that have ...
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Why is basalt denser than granite?
If lava is nothing but magma breaking through the earth's surface, then why is basalt more dense than granite?
I understand that something happens during the cooling process, but cannot find any ...
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Where can I get Carbon Capture Storage data?
I need CCS data for Carbon Injection monitoring for a seismic hazard study. Is there any open source data that related Carbon Injection monitoring for example seismic, wells, 1/2/3/4D seismic and etc.
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Did the 1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake postpone a massive earthquake in Tehran?
In this site (published on 6 November 2001) I found the following information:
Historical data suggest there is a major earthquake in Tehran every 158 years and the last one there was in 1830.
The ...
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How the small stones in this photo are created?
I need some help with my grandson's school homework: can someone describe what's the phenomena behind the creation of these small stones at the plateau´s foot? why & how are they created?
No big ...
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Is the Theia impact partly responsible for the distribution of mantle plumes?
I was looking at a map of the distribution of mantle plumes, and was wondering if they could be residual material that was either brought here or affected by the Theia impact.
It seems to me that this ...
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How was the Boesmansgat Cave in South Africa formed?
I found nearly nothing about this sinkhole online. Apparently the cave has water dating back thousands of years.
From where did this water come from. Is it just rain? And how dirty is the water now?
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When was the thickness of the Earth's crust calculated?
When was the average thickness of the Earth's crust first calculated or estimated? What did scientists know about the thickness of the Earth's crust before the 20th century? In what interval(s) fell ...
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Understanding the Facies and its Interpretation in Terms of Processes and Possible Depositional Environments
Fellow sedimentologists and geoscientists! I'm seeking your expertise in understanding a particular facies and its implications in terms of sedimentary processes and potential depositional ...
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Suspended sediment yield
I am finding it difficult to understand the factors that affect the suspended sediment yield in an area. I was thinking of the Rouse number and how it is affected by the particle diameter, slope and ...
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Mud cracks formation
Are mud cracks formed during rock formation or after the rock is completely formed?
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How important or necessary are assumptions when it comes to radiometric dating?
So when I say radiometric dating, I'm specifically referring to U-Pb, Ar-K and Rb-SR rather than C14 as I think these are more accurate when it comes to corroborating an older earth. I've heard people ...
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Map of earth subsurface temperature
I see similar flavours of this question have been asked a few times, but I still don't see a satisfying answer. I am looking for data (maps) of the earth subsurface temperature at a depth sufficient ...
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How'd this hole get here?
Hiking in a field of boulders along a river canyon in Alabama United states. Sandstone boulders are 20'-30' (6 to 9 meters) tall. There are perfectly round holes near the top. I'm wondering what ...
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Is there a theoretical maximum size limit for a rock?
There are many types of rocks: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Some rocks are simply huge. Some of them are tiny. Is there a theoretical upper limit on the size of a rock, and ...
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Does this support Hapgood's Earth Crust Displacement Theory?
I'm no Geologist by any standard but I'm quite intrigued by what goes on below our feet.
I came across this article that states there's a new or (confirmed) partially melted layer in the athenosphere (...
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Google Earth type, online plate-techtonics demonstration over time
I once found an site on the internet that displayed the continents in a Google Earth type setting where you could spin, zoom and navigate around the Earth but in different geological time periods. You ...
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Hydrogeology Aquifer Question - Estimating Freshwater Availability
Bikini Atoll is at the northern end of the Ralik chain, and in a region that is somewhat drier. On average, the Atoll receives 1300 mm of rainfall each year, with the wettest season being from May ...
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Copper shale in the Harz Mountains (Germany)
I wanted to ask if you have any suitable literature on copper slate (especially about the genesis) in the Harz Mountains. I was generally interested in how this copper shale differs from other copper ...
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What explains the angled stripes of mineral visible on the side of some islands?
I was exploring some islands by boat recently and I came upon some pretty impressive rock formation. I'm interested in finding what mechanism produces those angle mineral strips. Some of them were a ...
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At what depth does the ground stop getting cooler/hotter(summer/winter) and it starts to warm up?Where is the MAT depth or geothermal crossover?
Lookin into geothermal cooling, and want to learn more about how temperature behaves at different depths, not too deep like 100 meters or so, ignoring unusual stuff like geysers and things.
I want to ...
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Why are grain coatings an important mechanism for preserving porosity during burial in sandstone but not in carbonate?
I am writing a paper on the role of petroleum emplacement and grain coatings in preserving porosity during burial. I can find many sources discussing grain coatings stopping cementation in sandstone, ...
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What are these geological horizontal lines formed on this mountain called and why they are formed?
This images are of Mt. Kailash, Himalaya.
Front face of Mount:
Back face of Mount:
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What is the metal left behind by meteorites called?
I remember reading about a substance - I think it was a metal - left behind by meteorite impacts and nuclear explosions, but I can't remember the name. What is the name of the substance left behind by ...
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Speculative Plate Techtonics - Resolving intersecting subductions
I'm working through Artifaxian's (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzD_WVsEIRM) series on using gPlates to make tectonic history. I've run into the place where I have two subduction ridges about to ...
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Is it possible that the rainbow sand dunes in Death Valley, California were formed by some massive mining in the ancient past? [closed]
I know there is a mainstream answer that thinks the rainbow sand dunes they be explained geologically... I just want to know if it's possible to form those colors and those dunes from mining? And if ...
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How were the rainbow mountains formed?
There are several examples of rainbow mountains in various countries. How were they made?
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Does granite and basalt behave differently in different atmospheric pressures?
We all know that the oxygen levels increase and decrease as well as the temperature, so I believe it's safe to assume atmospheric pressure changes as well... And since granite and basalt are formed ...
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Why does calcium occur together with felsic rocks and magnesium with mafic rocks if calcium is denser than magnesium?
Felsic rocks contain a lot of sodium, potassium and calcium (and a great deal of aluminum), while mafic rocks consist of a lot of magnesium with iron....
Why is this?
Why is magnesium (z=12) in the ...
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