Questions tagged [geology]
The science comprising the study of the rocks Earth is composed of, and the processes by which they change. Some subfields of geology are petrology, mineralogy, and geophysics.
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Is there a theoretical maximum size limit for a rock?
There are many types of rocks: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Some rocks are simply huge. Some of them are tiny. Is there a theoretical upper limit on the size of a rock, and ...
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Does this support Hapgood's Earth Crust Displacement Theory?
I'm no Geologist by any standard but I'm quite intrigued by what goes on below our feet.
I came across this article that states there's a new or (confirmed) partially melted layer in the athenosphere (...
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Google Earth type, online plate-techtonics demonstration over time
I once found an site on the internet that displayed the continents in a Google Earth type setting where you could spin, zoom and navigate around the Earth but in different geological time periods. You ...
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Hydrogeology Aquifer Question - Estimating Freshwater Availability
Bikini Atoll is at the northern end of the Ralik chain, and in a region that is somewhat drier. On average, the Atoll receives 1300 mm of rainfall each year, with the wettest season being from May ...
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Copper shale in the Harz Mountains (Germany)
I wanted to ask if you have any suitable literature on copper slate (especially about the genesis) in the Harz Mountains. I was generally interested in how this copper shale differs from other copper ...
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What explains the angled stripes of mineral visible on the side of some islands?
I was exploring some islands by boat recently and I came upon some pretty impressive rock formation. I'm interested in finding what mechanism produces those angle mineral strips. Some of them were a ...
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At what depth does the ground stop getting cooler/hotter(summer/winter) and it starts to warm up?Where is the MAT depth or geothermal crossover?
Lookin into geothermal cooling, and want to learn more about how temperature behaves at different depths, not too deep like 100 meters or so, ignoring unusual stuff like geysers and things.
I want to ...
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Why are grain coatings an important mechanism for preserving porosity during burial in sandstone but not in carbonate?
I am writing a paper on the role of petroleum emplacement and grain coatings in preserving porosity during burial. I can find many sources discussing grain coatings stopping cementation in sandstone, ...
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What are these geological horizontal lines formed on this mountain called and why they are formed?
This images are of Mt. Kailash, Himalaya.
Front face of Mount:
Back face of Mount:
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What is the metal left behind by meteorites called?
I remember reading about a substance - I think it was a metal - left behind by meteorite impacts and nuclear explosions, but I can't remember the name. What is the name of the substance left behind by ...
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Speculative Plate Techtonics - Resolving intersecting subductions
I'm working through Artifaxian's (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzD_WVsEIRM) series on using gPlates to make tectonic history. I've run into the place where I have two subduction ridges about to ...
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Is it possible that the rainbow sand dunes in Death Valley, California were formed by some massive mining in the ancient past? [closed]
I know there is a mainstream answer that thinks the rainbow sand dunes they be explained geologically... I just want to know if it's possible to form those colors and those dunes from mining? And if ...
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How were the rainbow mountains formed?
There are several examples of rainbow mountains in various countries. How were they made?
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Does granite and basalt behave differently in different atmospheric pressures?
We all know that the oxygen levels increase and decrease as well as the temperature, so I believe it's safe to assume atmospheric pressure changes as well... And since granite and basalt are formed ...
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Why does calcium occur together with felsic rocks and magnesium with mafic rocks if calcium is denser than magnesium?
Felsic rocks contain a lot of sodium, potassium and calcium (and a great deal of aluminum), while mafic rocks consist of a lot of magnesium with iron....
Why is this?
Why is magnesium (z=12) in the ...
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How do I convert an element measurement to oxides?
So, I did some measurements in ICP-OES and the results were given to me in elemets. However, I need to convert the results to oxides. After some googling I found out that I need to use simple ...
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How has the total area of continents changed during the Earth history?
Earth's total land area has increased throughout its history according to this video. What is the dependence of the total area of continents from time?
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Hexagonal phenocrysts with a metallic luster?
I recently realized that I am surrounded by interesting rocks. Having no background in geology nor geologist friends, I rely on online resources to navigate the intriguing stuff I stumble across. But ...
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What forces plays the role in order to subduct the denser tectonic plate under the lighter plate?
I am a 10th grade student and I don't know much about geology but I'm learning about subduction online. It's always mentioned that the denser plate gets subducted under the lesser denser plate. I want ...
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Is Feldspar likely to occur near iron ores, next to them, or mixed with them?
As the question probably shows, I am not really versed in geological sciences, but it is rather a worldbuilding question I have regarding a setting based on the North Carolina area of the USA. Would a ...
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Does the high pressure inside the Earth's core contribute to its high temperature?
The explanations for why the Earth's core is hot I found on the internet included:
leftover energy from the Earth's formation
radioactivity of the elements inside the core
friction between the core ...
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Representing strike lines in rose diagrams
How can you best represent strike data on a rose diagram? Is it okay to plot only the strike?
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Which transparent mineral has the highest IOR? natural or lab made
I do apologize if this is the wrong place to ask this question. It's a rather simple question, but google gave me rather vague / random results, so I thought it might be better to ask somewhere like ...
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Could travertine buildup seal up cracks in limestone?
So after a recent freeze in Texas the following overhang collapsed. Presumably water in existent cracks froze and made the cracks even bigger as the water expanded. Combined that with an increase in ...
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Relation between highlands and tidal forces
Could the presence of mountain ranges in continental areas near to tectonic plates boundaries prevent these plates from swaying up and down as a result of vertical tidal forces and plastic ...
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Difference between Hillshading and Terrain Resource Information Management
I am picking up on remote sensing. I came across a paper where they use the shaded relief model from Terrain Resource Information Management (TRIM) for hillshading. However, is it the same as the ...
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Where can I access public sonic well-log data?
I'm doing some research and I'm in need of some well-log data from a sonic tool. I'm specifically looking for a multi-receiver tool with 6 or more receivers if possible.
I've been able to find a lot ...
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Distribution of terrestrial impact craters
Recently I was looking at a map of known impact structures and I noticed that they are concentrated between the tropical and arctic latitudes, but there is very little near the equator. I can think ...
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Volcanology book to make an app for first courses students
I want to make an app for first courses geology students that include the types of volcanoes and eruptions.
Can you recommend me a book (in English, French or Spanish) that could help me make the ...
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Stratigraphy book that covers all the Stratigraphic Chart ages events
I want to program an application for smartphones to help geology students to learn the eon, era, period, epoch and ages of the Stratigraphic Chart.
I want to leave them the picture of the chart and ...
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Least equatorial ( and tidal) bulge consistent with modest amounts of water in polar regions
In World Building I asked a question about the climate of an hypothetical planet.
There Vogon poet said that
Everyone above 10° latitude will be in permanent drought
Considering that there were no ...
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On defining a scale for anisotropy
My question is regarding the following statement given in this paper on page 51. It reads,
Fundamental to both anisotropy and heterogeneity is the concept of
scale. Whether anisotropy and ...
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What stone/crystal is it? [closed]
I found this stone/crystal when I walked down the street few days ago.
I picked it up since it looks very different with other stones in the area,
I am really curious about what stone/crystal it is, ...
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Why is some ocean on continental crust?
While most ocean crust is formed from oceanic plate formations there are areas of the ocean (much of the Gulf of Mexico, Eastern US coast, North Sea, Arabian coast of India) which appear to be ...
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Form Lines from Strike and Dip measurements
I am looking to draw form lines on this map based on the strike and dip measurements taken on site. From what I have gathered it is an anticline with a possible second fault to the right hand side. ...
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What are the craters and mounds in this Missouri bedrock map?
When looking at this map of bedrock geology of the Illinois and Ozark basins (sourced from Geological and Geophysical Maps of the Illinois Basin-Ozark Dome Region),
I can't help but notice that ...
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Basalt sill - a contradiction in terms?
My textbook for a historical geography class mentions a couple of geological features it calls "basalt sills" (the sill of Rosh Pinah and one other).
I'm a total newbie to geology, but the ...
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What other areas of the planet might be rich in Mesozoic-era fossils that have yet to be explored?
China is a region rich in sedimentary rocks from the Mesozoic period and incredible discoveries about dinosaurs have been made there since the 1990s.
I was wondering which other areas of the planet ...
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If the asteroid that wiped out most of the dinosaurs had impacted much closer to the poles, would the extinction event have be smaller?
The case is that, if it landed at the North Pole or the South Pole, the global after-impact effects such as gases and dust spreading through the atmosphere, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanism and ...
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Help with petrographic analysis of a complex mineral
While performing petrographic analysis in a rock composed mainly of plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine, I came across the mineral shown in the photo. Do you have any clues of what it could be?
The ...
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Regular-ish chipings in slate - weird weathering, hewn or a fossil?
When hiking in the Moselvalley (on the Calmont, to be precise) I found a slightly rhomboid piece of slate measuring about 10 by 11 cm, with a thickness of ca. 2 to 4 cm.
As can be seen in the first ...
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What would eventually happen to untrapped petroleum?
The Stack Exchange question wondering how much of the petroleum ever formed made it into reservoir rocks got me pondering what becomes of the organic material that isn't trapped in reservoir rock.
I ...
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Help me find a certain type of crystallographic notation
I was looking through wikipedia a few weeks ago while half asleep, reading articles about rocks and their chemical compositions. I then came across a certain crystallographic notation which I had not ...
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Why is silver found mainly in lead
Apparently according to the Parkes Process silver is 3000 times more soluble in zinc than in lead. So why is it that most silver is obtained from galena?
Edit:
“ Silver mainly occurs as a contaminant ...
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What kind of chromium is in common limestone?
I was thinking of crushing up some common limestone for microminerals because the water where I live has nearly zero calcium content. So I read about the trace elements of limestone and It says ...
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Seismic velocity relations
I do understand why the seismic velocity decreases with temperature and increases with pressure, but I am not really familiar with the relationship between the velocity with Poisson's ratio. I ...
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I perceive fuel in my bore hole water
Since I am from the Niger delta, where crude oil is mostly seen ... when we pump water and I try drinking it, it reeks of fuel ... how can I confirm it to be crude locally before alerting the oil ...
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On QAPF (Steckeisen) diagrams, should Albite be considered on the Alkali feldspar or Plagioclase side? Or in-between?
QAPF diagrams are double ternary diagrams used for magmatic rock classification based on mineralogy.
Quartz and Feldspathoids are opposed on the pointy ends of the diamond, with Alkali feldspar and ...
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What is a Poisson solid and what affect does it have on p and s waves?
What is a Poisson solid and what affect does it have on p and s waves?
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What does fugacity mean in the context of geology?
I am reading about water in the Lunar mantle, however it mentions fugacity a lot. What does it mean in this context?
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