Questions tagged [land-surface]
The **land surface** is a major component of the Earth's hydrocycle and biosphere. It has significant impacts on the atmosphere and climate.
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What does the value 254 mean on this map?
NASA has a land cover map that tells you what type of biome is on the Earth's surface:
here
There are 17 different land types. If you download one of the two tiffs here and zoom into a couple of ...
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Source for 71% of the earth being water
It is commonly known that 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water. What sources can I look at that explain this calculation in more detail?
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How or where to find out how many percent of the Earth's surface is above/below a certain altitude?
I wonder whether there's a way of learning how much of the Earth's surface is above or below a certain altitude (land on air only, i.e. excluding seas and oceans and land underwater).
E.g. the lowest/...
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Why is the Gulf of Alaska not a Bay? What is the difference between a Gulf and a Bay? [closed]
Since the mouth of this water body is actually very wide, why do we call it a Gulf?
What exactly is the difference between a Gulf and a Bay?
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What is this geographical feature? (as seen in maps)
Can someone help me identify this peculiar geographical feature I've noticed in satellite imagery?
This particular screenshot is from satellite imagery of northern Russia, however this kind of ...
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How to calculate the specific humidity based on the saturated specific humidity?
I am using ERA5 data to drive the land surface model. One of the forcing required by LSM is specific humidity. We want to use the 2-m specific humidity. So how can I calculate the specific humidity ...
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Can we define "drainage density" for a soil column (point-scale)?
From what I read all over the web and articles, drainage density is a parameter that is defined for a catchment.
I want to use a hydrological model to simulate the percolation from the bottom of a ...
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Land Use grib2 Table 4.212 download?
The grib2 format has a field listed under table 4.212 giving the land use code. Does anyone know where I can download data containing this field?
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What is the name of this landform?
These are from the movie Insomnia.
Also available in this video from 4 seconds to 8 seconds. What is the name of this landform? Are these just snow on Lapies? or These are some form of glaciated ...
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Is there a hemisphere where there's more land than ocean?
From a previous question, around 40% of the northern hemisphere is land. Would there be a plane splitting the earth into two equal parts, where in one part there are more land than ocean?
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Is an underground mine collapse or a tunnel collapse called a sinkhole?
Imagine there's an underground man made structure e.g. a tunnel or an underground train station that collapses creating a depression in the surface. Would that technically be called a sinkhole? What ...
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WRF: minimal list of variables required by coupling a land surface model to the whole system
We are trying to couple our land surface model into WRF. As a first step, we'd like to know what is the minimal list of variables required by such coupling?
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On which software can I simulate landmass collisions?
Such as in 3D simulations of vehicule crashes but this time with huge rocks or bodies of water (continental plates). I need to be able to set the properties of the material (density, size etc) and see ...
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High resolution global land use projections
I am looking for global land use projections for a large scale hydrological analysis. The most widely used datasets are the LUH (v1) Products used for CMIP5 based on Hurtt et al 2011. These products ...
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Are "monoliths" giant, isolated rocks sitting in dirt, or are they continuous with bedrock
I am at a loss for the precise, correct terminology, but I have read in Wikipedia that Uluru is not a monolith, but Savandurga is, and that I probably shouldn't be using the word monolith to begin ...
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What timescales do eddies operate at in the planetary boundary layer?
What are the largest eddies within the planetary boundary layer? What timescales do the operate on?
Edit: I'm talking about atmospheric eddies over land. So, eddies that are measured in [eddy ...
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How to identify a landslide area early?
We know that this natural disaster can cause a big damage. I have heard that we can identify such areas by some geographical signs, such as curved trees. Do we have any stronger detectable signs which ...
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Half of Earth with most landmass
About 71% of the Earth's surface is covered with water and the remaining 29% is landmass*. If you could theoretically cut the planet in half, with the objective of producing a half with the most ...
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Is it possible that a reduction in vegetation is a cause of global warming?
A lot of people seem to believe that the entire cause of global warming is that humans are emitting lots of carbon dioxide. However, according to a source I found online (I accept it may not be ...
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The geology of local landscapes and small scale features
I'm learning geology to understand the processes behind the formation of my local landscape.
I understand the processes behind big features, such as mountains. But I'm struggling to understand the ...
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Why does the road appear wet on a sunny day?
Whenever I'm travelling by road on a hot sunny day and I look towards the horizon, it appears as though there is puddle ahead but as I approach it, it disappears. Why does this happen?
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What's the minimum number of days needed for reporting a "monthly average" of daily satellite retrievals?
NASA's Earth Observing System produces many maps of air quality and land-surface variables, from instruments like MODIS, AIRS, OMI, VIIRS, etc. Both NASA and the scientific community produce maps of ...
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When does an island with isthmus become a peninsula?
I'm currently on holiday in Indonesia. In my travel guide I was reading about the island Samosir, which I'm visiting in a few days. I read that the island, which is located in lake Toba, is connected ...
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In the northern hemisphere only, what percentage of the surface is land?
Across the whole Earth, about 70% of the surface is water and 30% is land.
What I want, though, is to restrict the scope to the northern hemisphere (NH) only. What percentage of NH surface is land?
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(Why) Is there more landmass on Earth's Northern hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere?
This Question on Worldbuilding is based on the presumption that there is a greater amount of landmass on the Earth's Northern Hemisphere than there is on the Southern Hemisphere.
While researching ...
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Do forests affect local rainfall and climate significantly?
I know that forests can change the local temperature, but what about rainfall?. Do forests affect rainfall in their region? I have read that if a forest is very big, it can cause minor changes to ...
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How much land does it take to support New York City?
New York City has about 8.5 million people living in an area of 300 square miles which gives a population density of 28,300 people per square mile. The food required to support such a high population ...
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Does within-canopy wind direction correlate with wind above the planetary bounday layer?
Wind above the planetary boundary layer (PBL) tends to be fairly smooth and constant over short periods of time. Below the planetary boundary layer, the smoothness is broken by eddies caused by ...
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Where does the water from rain in rain forests come from?
When discussing a hypothetical world without oceans and just forest it occured to me that I wasn't so sure there would be any rain in the first place, due to the lack of oceans. Searching on Google ...
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NASA GLAS Lidar Data Format [closed]
NASA GLAS Lidar Data can be downloaded here.
I cannot find (or perhaps understand) the answer to my question on the icesat/glas page. Lidar data can be provided as points (las) or raster (dem), ...
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Should total ground heat flux be 0?
In the context of the land surface, the ground absorbs heat from radiation (also some times from precipitation and advection), and releases heat through evapotranspiration, advection and radiation, ...
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Is there a standard definition of a "dry-down" event in hydrology?
When studying the land surface, dry-down periods - periods after rain where the soil moisture is decreasing due to evapotranspiration and drainage - are of great interested, because soil moisture has ...
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Are there any high-resolution urban CO2 concentration data sets?
I gather that higher-than-ambient CO2 "domes" can form above urban areas, enhancing other local air pollution. Are there papers or datasets of average CO2 concentrations down at ground level (say 0-20 ...
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Alternatives to Plant Functional Types as parametrisations in land surface models?
Plant Functional Types (PFTs) are a discretisation of global vegetation types. They are used in land surface models to parametrise many values, including albedo, various photosynthesis parameters, and ...
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