Questions tagged [meteorology]
The study of how the earth's atmosphere works, including weather forecasting. Use this tag for questions about the earth's weather. When asking questions specifically about the atmosphere, also include the [atmosphere] tag.
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Where can I live if I like long periods of consistent rain?
Let me elaborate on what I mean by "long periods of consistent rain".
I currently live in London and contrary to popular belief, it's not rainy. When it rains, it's usually only for 20 ...
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Why does cold air inflow in high tropospheric layers create a low in the upper troposphere?
As part of my pilot ground examination I got a question about cold-air inflow to the upper layers of the troposphere, the question was about the result of the inflow, The right answer was that it ...
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Is the current tropical depression headed towards Taiwan unusually early for the season? (April 7, 2022 at 4.0N 148.0E)
Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau's Current Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones page shows a tropical depression with the following information:
TROPICAL DEPRESSION
TD02
Position 061800Z at 4.0N ...
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Total Cloud Cover% from NOAA inverted?
I'm trying to find and use data involving total cloud cover %. I have downloaded data from NCEI/NOAA specifically here and I'm plotting it like this:
...
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US vs EU weather systems commercialization and precision? [closed]
The US and EU have very different government funding systems for weather and space equipment, perhaps as different as the road systems. The US has a higher performing health system on average at a ...
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Drought in Scotland?
The BBC reported on March 28, 2022 that Guinard Island was on fire.
That strikes me as odd. The west of Scotland should be wet in spring. A wildfire in Scotland in March seems strikingly out of place ...
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How much does a global model's accuracy change with the timestep?
I've been working with ICON, ICON-EU and GFS forecasts, and it seems like the temperature results are "close" for the same location, 6 hour forecasts and 120 hour forecasts - MAE: 5.7 and 6....
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Modelling atmospheric temperature as function of elevation
If I have a body that is exposed to light of intensity $I$, then its temperature should follow the ODE
$$\dot{T} = a I - b T^4$$
Mountains are covered with snow, yet $I$ should be the same as at sea ...
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Does absorbed energy from sun go to increasing atmosphere's height, as well as heating earth up?
Water transports heat from the surface of the earth to the upper atmosphere by evaporation, which cools the surface, and then condensing at cloud height, where it releases latent heat. So water ...
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Odd wind-speed distribution over North Sea
A popular website for observing wind-speed showed the following distribution over the North Sea 2022-02-18 around the same time that storm Eunice was due to hit the UK.
There is some kind of long ...
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Do warm-season Foehn winds occur in the Pacific Northwest?
Over the last 30 years, Foehn winds have led to wildfires affecting densely populated areas of the California coast. They're called Diablo winds in the north, and Santa Ana winds in the south.
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What is the reason behind some of the biome anomalies in Africa?
For example :
The center of Africa lies in the Equatorial region and yet, does not have tropical rainforests all the way across.
The island of Madagascar has two different biomes
Since altitude and ...
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Precipitation in two places as independent phenomena
Is it possible to consider the occurrences of precipitation in two different places to be independent phenomena?
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Does saturation mixing ratio change during adiabatic ascent/descent?
Does saturation mixing ratio change during adiabatic ascent/descent? I think the mixing ratio ($r_v = \rho_v/\rho_d$) is constant as long as no water vapor is condensed out, but saturation mixing ...
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How accurate is ERA5 weather data?
We are using weather data to feed building energy models.
Historically, we would do that with weather from the closest weather station, which can be far away (up to 100 km, I guess).
Recently, we've ...
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Are halcyon days an actual phenomenon?
According to Greek mythology, halcyon days are
the seven days in winter when storms never occur. [Wikipedia]
I assume that Ancient Greeks noticed a period in winter during which the weather was ...
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Could the Pineapple Express collide with cold air, resulting in extreme snowfall?
The pineapple express is a colloquial term for the strong atmospheric river produced by the polar jet stream, which drives excessive moisture and warmer air towards north-western North America.
With ...
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Interpretation of certain maps related to weather
I am a student Pilot and basically we are asked to give weather briefing every morning using the charts shown here:
https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/satellite.php#.
https://mausam.imd.gov....
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In terms of atmospheric pressure, why do pressure systems move and what factors affect the general pressure of an area?
With very limited background in the physics of air and weather, this question occurred to me for no particular reason. With that in mind, a simplified answer would be much appreciated.
This weatherman'...
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Potential temperature constant in a well-mixed atmospheric layer?
Why is the potential temperature, defined as $\theta = T\Big(\frac{P_0}{P}\Big)^{R/c_p}$, constant in a well-mixed layer? I understand that the dew point temperature has to be parallel to a line of ...
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Pressure vs Temperature effect on humidity
I am a bit confused about pressure vs temperature effect on relative humidity.
I know that air density is decreased with altitude, which means that there is more "space" between air ...
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How does Siberian High develop?
For what I know so far about this phenomenon, it's a super cold mass of dry air accumulating in Siberia and Far East of Russia from September to April.
I want to know how it accumulates cold air in ...
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How exactly can one make out the direction of and temperature of winds [closed]
I am trying to make a fictional world, but I want to be as realistic as humanly possible with the winds and climate. So my question is, knowing various parametres, how exactly can I make out what ...
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Formation of Clouds in High Pressure Systems (Western Australia - Perth)
High pressure systems are normally correlated with stable atmospheric conditions with little to no cloud cover, but due to this minimal cloud cover, doesn't that open up the ocean / ground moisture to ...
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Is Global Mean Surface Atmosphere Pressure changed long-term by global warming?
We know the Global Mean Temperature is increasing due to climate change. But for the Global Mean Atmosphere Pressure, can we see an obvious trend?
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What was the weather like in Pangaea's equatorial regions ( i.e. 23 latitude North to 23 latitude South )?
I've been having this burning question about the tropical climate of Pangaea but not sure how to ask until now.
So far I've read that the carbon dioxide levels back then were much higher than it is ...
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Do surface temperature inversions only occur in valleys and natural bowls?
When you read about temperature inversions online, you mostly hear about them trapping pollution in places like Salt Lake City, which is surrounded by mountains. That seems to be the case for most ...
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Why is the snow line higher in the Himalayas than on the equator?
Excerpt from WP page Snow line:
"At or near the equator, it is typically situated at approximately 4,500 metres (14,764 ft) above sea level. As one moves towards the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic ...
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How does the lack of data about the Mesosphere affect our predictive knowledge of the atmosphere?
Out of all the layers of the Earth's atmosphere the Mesosphere is the hardest to collect data and experiment on, due to it's density being too much for satellites and too little for aircraft or ...
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Why does cloud cover seem to "ride" a wave that propagates westward near the equator in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVRbeGc_6zM
Notice that the cloud cover over Africa and South America is correlated in a way that seems to be highlighting some kind of large-scale easterly wave ...
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How does a layman differentiate between positive lightning and negative lightning?
Yes, there are different types of Lightning. How can general public/audience detect if a cloud to ground lightning strike was of positive or negative type?
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Is there a certification process for automated weather stations?
I'm in the market for a new automated weather station and of course there's a glut of them on the internet. I mostly will be using the data for myself and my own amusement but do plan to submit ...
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Calculating total daily rainfall from a tipping bucket rain gauge
I am trying to calculate total daily rainfall based on data from a tipping bucket rain gauge which is calibrated to a tip of 0.2mm. I have data giving the exact time that a tip is recorded and have ...
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Hourly historical weather data for USA
I tried Google BigQuery but it is at day level.
Is there any source for hourly historical weather data for USA?
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Why is the isothermal layer being considered a part of the stratosphere rather than the troposphere or being an independent layer?
At altitudes from 12-20 km (7-12.5 mi) above the midlatitudes the temperature remains constant with altitude (minus 56.5°C in the ISA). This part is usually considered to be in the stratosphere, but ...
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What is the relationship between air pressure and temperature?
I'm trying to reconcile a paradox regarding air pressure and temperature.
On the one hand, compressing air heats it up, while expanding it cools it. So density and temperature are proportional.
On the ...
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Gases descending from atmospheres
Earth’s lower atmosphere is rising due to climate change
Temperature is the driving force behind this change, says Jane Liu, an environmental scientist at the University of Toronto. The troposphere ...
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Atmospheric gravity waves or cumulus cloud street?
I observed these clouds today (november 12, Belgium) and I was wondering if they could be caused by atmospheric gravity waves. How would you spot the difference between gravity waves and a cloud ...
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How to convert $\ce{NO2}$ mixing ratio (ppmv) into $\ce{NO2}$ column density(moles/m2)?
I have a WRF-chem output with NO2 mixing ratio for 37 levels, for my analysis I need to convert it into into column density. How do I do that?
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Does total precipitation have different meanings?
I'm new in hydrology sciences and for my work, I have to differentiate solid precipitation time series and liquid precipitation from total precipitation time series. My data are from a meteorological ...
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What causes these periodic high-pressure blobs along the west coast of South America?
I was looking through the Weatherbug atmospheric pressure map around 8:30 am ET on Oct 26 2021, and noticed this chain of small high pressure blobs along the west coast of South America. It was also ...
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Electric phenomenon when tornado funnel disappears?
A video of a recent tornado in Germany shows two points of glowing light appear at the end of the lifetime of a tornado, when the funnel is already almost entirely retracted. Here is a video link. The ...
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Software for spatial interpolation of temperature and relative humidity data from weather stations
I'm working with time series of weather data (specifically, min/max daily temperatures and relative humidity) recorded from weather stations over an area of about 200,000 km2.
I would be interested in ...
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How to calculate sea level pressure from geopotential height?
For this, I am using python to plot and manipulate the data.
I am using reanalysis data in a netcdf format for this problem.
The data includes geopotential, for which I estimated the geopotential ...
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What is grib2 telling me?
I am having trouble interpreting the output of wgrib2. I was expecting this command to produce a set of four measurements: one for each corner of a box at the specified pressure level. Instead I got ...
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How to statistically downscale wind speeds?
Background
I am trying to estimate wind speeds at a proposed wind farm site using the method described in this paper: Modeling of Ethiopian Wind Power Production Using ERA5 Reanalysis Data. The ...
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Does increased water vapour in atmosphere increase the risk of hypoxia?
I recently found that each degree of warming increases water vapour by 7% and I've also learned that the atmosphere contains (on average) between 1-5% water vapour when saturated, this confused me a ...
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Does global warming inhibit transport of moisture?
This northern summer, 2021, there were wildfires in Southern Europe and floods in Germany nearly at same time, also, floods and wildfires in different parts of Turkey, and floods in Far East of Russia ...
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Meteorological Data API with Python
I have a number of points in Europe I would like meteorological data for. More specifically, I am looking for data that is relevant in Air Quality models, like wind, temperature and humidity.
The time ...
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Using variables from different CMIP6 models
I would like to know if using variables (ex: sea surface temperature, precipitation, etc.) from two CMIP6 climate models to produce a species/niche distribution model is an accepted practice and won’t ...
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