Questions tagged [models]

A tag for questions about conceptual, analytical or numerical models used in Earth science disciplines.

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Rough empirical formula for average temperature and pressure

Is there a rough empirical formula that approximates local average annual air temperature and pressure from geographical latitude, altitude and distance from ocean shore?
Мікалас Кaрыбутоў's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
77 views

What's wrong with my Penman-Monteith model?

UPDATE: I believe I have found the mistake. I had missed that the project instructions stated that conductance of sensible heat flux should be equal to aerodynamic conductance. The model behaves as ...
Stan Nonna's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
50 views

How have Icelandic geologists determined the position and length of the magma under Grindavík?

The Iceland Met Office website has a status page at https://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/a-seismic-swarm-started-north-of-grindavik-last-night It has mentioned using models to determine the location and ...
John McCarthy's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
65 views

Bias correction of CMIP6 projections

Is it always mandatory to perform a bias correction when working with CMIP6 climate projections? I am working with multiple climate projections from CMPI6 and I'm not sure if this step is necessary, ...
Pedro Alencar's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
21 views

Seeking guidance on predicting salinity of River network with incomplete data

So I am working with the USGS data on salinity of various River reaches in the United States and not every reach mapped has been tested. Is there an accepted model for inferring the salinity of ...
Wesley Young's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
31 views

Earthquake clustering by pairs algorithm questions

A program I'm writing does the following: (EQ=earthquake, EV=event, ML=machinelearning, etc) from a time series (in a selected station) it picks pairs of EQ' EVs with similar characteristics (...
ogeid's user avatar
  • 111
4 votes
1 answer
308 views

What is the point of normalizing rocks to chondrite or normalizing to anything else for that matter?

To be exact, I'm talking about the Y-Axis. Normalizing does not make sense to me. How does this not skew data?
PeePooPP's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
22 views

Least equatorial ( and tidal) bulge consistent with modest amounts of water in polar regions

In World Building I asked a question about the climate of an hypothetical planet. There Vogon poet said that Everyone above 10° latitude will be in permanent drought Considering that there were no ...
George Ntoulos's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
39 views

How can combusted methane from landfill samples be quantified? [closed]

Background: For my studies I'm wanting and attempting to make a landfill greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) model that predicts the amount of greenhouse gas equivalent emissions ($GHG_{eq}$ [tonnes/year]) ...
Hendrix13's user avatar
  • 131
1 vote
1 answer
21 views

ACRU4: rainfall units for the wetland water balance

Not sure about the rainfall units in the wetland water balance of ACRU. I have looked at the ACRU4 user manual which comes with the modelling tool installation and a dissertation covering the wetland ...
Peni_'s user avatar
  • 101
2 votes
1 answer
25 views

ACRU4 model run error: climate file -> "Error running display and data rules"

ACRU model was running fine and producing output. After a few runs and parameter changes, the model returns this error message Not sure what went wrong or changed. Does anyone know what this means or ...
Peni_'s user avatar
  • 101
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Map showing the change in precipitation intensity

Hi I need a map for the North American region that shows the change in rainfall intensity. Unfortunately, I can only find maps like this map Unfortunately, these are not detailed to use.
Weiss's user avatar
  • 1,989
2 votes
1 answer
21 views

Irrigating from multiple reservoirs in SWAT+

I am applying SWAT+ in an area with multiple reservoirs used for irrigation. I also have a lot of HRUs representing the various crop types in the catchment. The problem is that SWAT+ assigns one ...
Saki's user avatar
  • 41
1 vote
0 answers
22 views

Developing or implementing manual/advanced irrigation in SWAT+

The following error about HRU occurred when I was trying to implement manual (advanced) irrigation operation. An additional message advises that I contact developers directly when you want to create ...
Saki's user avatar
  • 41
1 vote
0 answers
18 views

Updating plant/crop database

I have been trying to update the QSWAT+ crop database to include new crops. However it seems the model refuses to read a look-up table with new crops leaving me unable to represent all the various ...
Saki's user avatar
  • 41
2 votes
1 answer
40 views

MIKE-SHE hydrological model: How to export SZ flow from a larger model to import into a smaller, nested model to inform SZ boundary conditions

We are working on a MIKE-SHE coupled MIKE-Hydro model for a small wetland in South Africa. One of the major issues is that it has zero-flux boundaries around the model domain in the saturated zone (SZ)...
ecohydrol's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
64 views

MHYDRO Hydrodynamics (MIKE HYDRO)

I have run a MIKE HYDRO 1D simulation to completion without any errors being flagged. How do I check for any instability within the model or whether the simulated results are realistic?
faith jumbi's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
23 views

Mapping variables in the model to theory documentation in WRSM-Pitman

I’m working with the comprehensive wetland module in WRSM-Pitman. However, the variables listed in the wetland tab of the channel module are not referred to in the same way as the variables listed in ...
faith jumbi's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
46 views

Negligible dam capacity to exclude from a runoff module

I am running the WRSM-Pitman model for the upper reaches of a quaternary catchment (which is smaller than its intended use for full quaternary catchments or larger areas). The total catchment area is ...
faith jumbi's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
17 views

ACRU4 PercentRiparianInfestation

One of the routines that I am interested in exploring further is the option of including a riparian zone within the Agricultural Catchments Research Unit (ACRU4) model. Once I add the riparian zone to ...
Shaeden Gokool's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
32 views

Distribution of wetland inflows to the wetland storage in WRSM-Pitman

I’m working with the comprehensive wetland module in WRSM-Pitman (Bailey and Pitman, 2015) and reconstructing the water balance. Apart from parameter differences, which proportion of upstream inflows ...
Peni_'s user avatar
  • 101
2 votes
1 answer
40 views

WRSM-Pitman: Calculating alpha in the wetland surface area equation for estimating wetland evaporation

I am estimating the wetland water balance variables for the comprehensive wetland module. For evaporation, it is calculated based on the net rainfall and average wetland storage area for the month. In ...
Peni_'s user avatar
  • 101
2 votes
1 answer
142 views

MIKE-SHE and MIKE-HydroRiver model run error: “Unable to write dynamic item” - drive space issues?

I am trying to run a coupled hydrology-hydraulic, MIKE-SHE - MIKE-HydroRiver (MIKE 1D) model (2020 version, DHI). To get the MIKE 1D hydraulic simulation to run without stability issues I had to use a ...
JG_enviro's user avatar
2 votes
2 answers
362 views

MIKE-SHE and MIKE-HydroRiver model run error “Water level exceeded maximum…more the 4.0000 times cross section height”

I am trying to run a coupled MIKE-SHE - MIKE-HydroRiver (MIKE 1D) model (2020 version) on a daily timestep. The model gets through the preprocessing stage without a problem but then shows an error ...
ecohydrol's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
75 views

MIKE-SHE model run error: “UZ column shorter than the initial water depth”

I am trying to run a catchment model using MIKE-SHE (2020 version, DHI) including an unsaturated zone (UZ) and a saturated zone (SZ) in the set-up. I have specified the ‘Finite Difference’ method for ...
ecohydrol's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
45 views

ACRU4 riparian zone receiving flood water from river channel

I would like to include wetlands and riparian zones as hydrological response units (HRUs) within the agricultural catchment research unit (ACRU4) model. In the ACRU4 user manual there are graphical ...
Shaeden Gokool's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
23 views

What is the effect of increasing the size interval in the generalized dynamic equation (GDE) to simulate an evolving aerosol?

The following differential equation allows me to calculate the the number concentration of aerosol particles from 2 nm to 3 nm. $$\frac{dN_2{_-{_3}}}{dt}=J_2-J_3-N_2{_-{_3}}.CoagS_2{_-{_3}}$$ In the ...
Ajgar Dev's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
28 views

Velocity boundary conditions from water depth time series

Currently, I am setting up a hydrodynamic model for a coastal zone. For this purpose I need to impose the velocity and water level at the open boundary. Tidal models (e.g. TPXO) can give both velocity ...
Rik's user avatar
  • 133
1 vote
1 answer
248 views

Cannot initialize MIKE-1D - Failed when solving for a steady state solution; water level being exceeded; Warning: Hyperthreading

I get the following error messages when running the hydrological model MIKE-SHE: "Cannot initialize MIKE-1D - Failed when solving for a steady state solution; water level being exceeded; Warning: ...
ecohydrol's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
72 views

Milancovich analysis

I would like to show the change in temperatures since 1960 until today. I have thought about creating two time blocks, e.g. from 1960-1970 and from 2010-2020! Then I want to average the data of these ...
Weiss's user avatar
  • 1,989
3 votes
1 answer
576 views

World Elevation Data as CSV

Hi I need For each Lat and Long value also the Alt value! However, I am having problems extracting these values from a Geotiff and wonder if this data is publicly available in Excel or CSV file format?...
Weiss's user avatar
  • 1,989
1 vote
0 answers
495 views

How to plot quiver (current/wind arrows) plot on a basemap

and thank you for answering I am trying to plot a quiver plot on a basemap (The basemap has to be a good quality map such as openstreetmap) and I can't find a way to do it. There are some examples on ...
yair suari's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
50 views

Complex interpolation for Isotopic data

I have another question, is there a package that interpolates precipitation data taking into account mountains and oceans? I have so far used Numpy and Basemap but as you can see in the code, the data ...
Weiss's user avatar
  • 1,989
2 votes
1 answer
500 views

Where can I find archived NAM/HRRR model runs?

I am looking for archived model runs for high-resolution North American weather models, i.e. NAM and HRRR stretching back 10+ years. Do these exist on the internet? Failing that, what's the next best ...
spillthrill's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
153 views

A problem of the 2-Layer hydrostatic model

The 2-layer hydrostatic model is like this And the pressure of the two layers and the top are and it is easy to find the horizontal gradient of $p_1$ and $p_2$ \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \nabla ...
 Hou's user avatar
  • 103
2 votes
1 answer
120 views

What to do with a gas sensor's values that fall outside of a model's range?

I'm using a few gas sensors (MQ2, MQ3, MQ4, MQ5, MQ6, MQ7, MQ8, MQ9, and MQ135) to measure the air quality inside my home. These sensors have been calibrated to work within a specific concentration ...
Benjamin Afrasyab Farahmand's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
31 views

Are there any online earth science formula/equation libraries?

I'm looking for a formula library like fxSolver but specifically for Earth science formulas. I could rummage through scientific papers like a nerd racoon, but first I want to make sure there isn't a ...
Malkrie's user avatar
  • 11
2 votes
1 answer
53 views

Can historical emissions data be used for a future WRF-Chem model run?

I am new to running the WRF-Chem model, so this question maybe a little elementary. I wanted to perform an year-long simulation of certain chemical species for 2019 and for that, is it sufficient to ...
Sujai Banerji's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
439 views

Is spin-up really required to run the WRF-Chem model and if so, what determines the time period of the spin-up?

For example, I am interested in making a simulation for some chemical species for 2019. I am planning to provide NCEP/GDAS FNL meteorological data at 0.25 degree and CAM-Chem chemical boundary layer. ...
Sujai Banerji's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
55 views

Can we know if a numerical model will converge or not according to the boundary conditions?

Consider a square 2D domain and a steady-state simulation. According to the geology of the domain, the North, South, West and East limits must be conditions of zero flow (Neumann). The aquifer ...
narutoArea51's user avatar
2 votes
3 answers
68 views

What methods/apparatus are used to model the early Earth? What do we know of their accuracy?

A friend of mine asked our teacher but the class was over and in online mode, I can't ask my teacher until the next lecture. It sparked my curiosity, I know we use carbon dating for finding the age of ...
gagan's user avatar
  • 21
1 vote
0 answers
47 views

Is there a more accurate method for estimating ground or soil temperatures

Context We have geothermal, engineering and construction clients who often need accurate estimates of ground temperatures for project sites before they have physical access to the sites (for ...
Sheldonfrith's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
57 views

Using variables from different CMIP6 models

I would like to know if using variables (ex: sea surface temperature, precipitation, etc.) from two CMIP6 climate models to produce a species/niche distribution model is an accepted practice and won’t ...
Areej's user avatar
  • 11
4 votes
0 answers
75 views

Understanding 1x5x9 pattern for block precedence algorithm in open pit mining

I came across several visual representation of the 1x5x9 pattern defined for block precedence computation in the ultimate pit limit problem. But I can't seem to understand fully how it is computed. I ...
accpnt's user avatar
  • 41
2 votes
2 answers
102 views

Would ultrasound be a valid method of mapping ocean floors given the perceived "gel" is ocean water?

I am a scuba diver, with a big idea that would require me to map various dive sites as I went to them and dove in them. The typical size and other implications of sonar technology would essentially ...
R3TURN-0's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
225 views

Why is it that "With higher CO2, the dry gets drier and the wet gets wetter"?

The Phys.org article CO2 dip may have helped dinosaurs walk from South America to Greenland quotes Dennis Kent, "adjunct research scientist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 7,076
1 vote
1 answer
137 views

How spatial resolution of a NWP model works?

I would like to know how the resolution of a Numerical Weather Prediction model conceptually works. i.e. "Global Forecast System's forecasts with 0.5° horizontal spatial resolution" "...
onehalf's user avatar
  • 77
1 vote
1 answer
93 views

Is COMSOL Multiphysics good for subduction CFD modelling? Are there alternatives?

As a beginner for CFD modelling of plate subduction, I heard comsol to be a good software. Can anybody suggests alternatives and the demerits of using COMSOL Multiphysics? Thank you.
papun's user avatar
  • 35
4 votes
0 answers
54 views

How would you predict the future climate with only 7 years of interest?

In my specific case, I have worked with a data set from 2001 to 2018 which had to be split up in 2012 due to major updates in the data. Therefore, I am now dealing with a data set of 12 years (2001 to ...
Thomas's user avatar
  • 141
2 votes
1 answer
50 views

Free forecast vs cycled model runs

What is the difference between a free forecast and a cycled model run? This GFS wiki mentions both, but does not define them.
DavidH's user avatar
  • 348

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