Questions tagged [oceanography]
Oceanography is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean. It is also known as oceanology.
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A low-pass butterworth filter to analyze ocean bottom pressure
Hello fellow oceanographers, I just trying to design a fourth-order low-pass butterworth filter with a 15-days cutoff period, in python, with the aim to filter a ocean bottom pressure (OBP) time ...
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If among oceanic crusts older means heavier, then why is old continental crust lighter than new oceanic crusts?
When we consider two oceanic crusts, the older oceanic crust is heavier and the newer oceanic crust is lighter.
But when we consider two crusts, one continental and the other oceanic, continental ...
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Collapse of the AMOC - effects
What are the potential effects of an eventual collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)?
I often see news viting everything ranging from droughts in India to increased climate ...
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How to model the travel time of tsunami waves generated by volcanic explosion?
I am trying to understand how can I model the travel time of tsunami waves generated by volcanic explosions? I want to analyze the 2022 Tonga tsunami. I have been using the UNESCO CoMIT software with ...
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Will the hot Atlantic shape global/local weather and if so, how?
So the Atlantic Ocean exhibits record-breaking temperatures currently with about 1 degree Celsius above-average mean surface temperatures. This article, for example, mentions that a more severe ...
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Wind direction and wave number of swell and wind waves
Whether swell and wind waves have same wind direction or it may have different wind direction?
what is the wave number range of swell waves and wind waves. Thanks in advance.
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Wind speed at the surface of the ocean
Why is wind speed generally considered at 10m above the sea surface? Is there any specific reason for this? For example, if we say wind speed is 8 m/s which implies that wind speed at a height of 10 m ...
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Swell spectrum and wind spectrum
While modelling both wind waves and swell waves, whether we have to add both spectra or append wind spectra in swell spectra? Because swell spectra has high amplitude values but wind spectra has very ...
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Why is sealevel higher where gravity is higher?
The EGM96 geoid map depicts hypothetical sealevel due to gravitational variations on the Earth's surface:
image source
It places one of the highest areas in the northern part of the Atlantic ocean.
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How to download atmospheric/oceanographic data for a given region in the sea?
I am trying to get data of atmospheric temperature, wind intensity and/or atmospheric pressure for a specific region of the sea, since I have ocean bottom pressure data from a fixed instrument (lat,...
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What are light blue circles on ocean surface? [closed]
What are light blue ovals approximately 100 feet (30m) big on the ocean surface? I have seen many recently, on one particular day, sailing from Azores to Europe in 30kn wind & high waves. Could it ...
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Density of sea water on the side of currents
A geostrophic current in the northern hemisphere features a pressure gradient force directed towards the left of the current (west if the current heads straight north) and Coriolis force directed to ...
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How to remove the ENSO signal on ocean bottom pressure data?
I am trying to remove the possible effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on sea bottom pressure records (sensor 4, 5 & 7, see map) that are located in front of the Pacific coast ...
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Using radar to measure ocean waves along the shoreline
What radar technology would be best to measure the attributes of ocean waves near (under 2k distance) the shoreline?
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Is the southern downwelling situation in the AMOC as affected by climate change as the two northern downwelling situations?
I wonder if the southern downwelling situation in the AMOC is affected by climate change as much as the two northern situations. I come to the question because I find the Cicrumantarctic circulation ...
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Sea waves with perpendicular discontinuity
This is a sea/ocean wave image which can be found in several places on the internet. I cannot find its origin and any image search did not yield conclusive results. It may even be a render.
Question: ...
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IPCC 6 - What's the background of possible marine species loss?
The Figure "Projected risks and impacts of climate change on natural and human systems at different global warming levels" has this to say on species loss (only part of the image):
I can't ...
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How saline were the earth's oceans during the Last Glacial Maximum?
According to Wikipedia sea water is 34.7 parts per thousand salt.
Between evaporation and precipitation it seems like this amount is kept largely in equilibrium but, during the last glacial maximum, a ...
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Dedicated book to understand climate and ocean science
Let me explain: I am a physics student who did some basic earth science during my early high school days. But thinking about earth science makes me very curious about deeper topics, like how the ...
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How does the Coriolis effect explain Ekman transport?
Before answering the question, keep in mind that I am a second year Biology student, with no experience in studying Physics and a very basic understanding of Mathematics. Thus, I would prefer a ...
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Ocean oscillations with long time periods
I heard that some ocean oscillations act on a time scale of a millennium. Is this true, or at least argued by some oceanographers? If so, what are they and what causes them? If not, what are the ...
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Most amenable coastal geographic conditions for harbors?
I've been trying to find sources detailing the natural geographic features most suitable for shipping harbors along a coast—primarily for international trade. So far, I've read vague reference to ...
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Does Arctic sea ice form a continuous flat sheet in winter between Russia and Canada, or are there gaps of water?
In the footage of Arctic sea ice in the spring or summer you can see gaps of water, lines of water between ice sheets, or kind of lakes of water mixed with icebergs. Even as far north as the North ...
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Geostrophic adjustment with shallow water equations
The linearized f-plane shallow water equations are:
du'/dt - fv' = -g(d eta'/dx)
dv'/dt + fu' = -g(d eta'/dy)
(d eta'/dt) + H((du'/dx)+(dv'/dy)) = 0
where g is ...
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Earthquake clustering by pairs algorithm questions
A program I'm writing does the following:
(EQ=earthquake, EV=event, ML=machinelearning, etc)
from a time series (in a selected station) it picks pairs of EQ' EVs with similar characteristics (...
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Carbon "sequestration" or "drawdown" and Henry's Law
If gigatons of carbon dioxide were taken out of the atmosphere through photosynthesis into long-term soil carbon or tree carbon, or captured from the atmosphere and stored using some kind of ...
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How do you determine the % of precipitation falling as snow in the case below?
I have just started a course in hydrology (a totally different field from mine which is computer science) and I can't find the link between the fact that a river flows into a lake and the % of ...
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Why is NaCl so hyper abundant in the ocean?
Why is sodium chloride far and away the most abundant salt dissolved in ocean water? Its two constituent ions do have a very high frequency in the crust of the earth, but they are far from the most ...
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Does the California cyclone change the California current?
I opened windy.com for the California area and I found that the California current is displayed in the opposite way - from south to north. Is it affected by the recent cyclone or am I misunderstanding ...
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Indonesian Throughflow and currents map
According to Wikipedia, Indonesian Throughflow passes Lombok Strait from north to south bringing water mass from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean.
But when I the checked currents map on windy....
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Beaufort wind force measure
Beaufort scale relates wind speed and wave height of the ocean surface. Does the wave height in the scale refer to significant wave height or mean wave height?
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How to construct the tide signal from harmonic constituents?
I am trying to reconstruct the astronomical tide time series from harmonic constituents (calculated from T_Tide).I am using the equation that all knows H(t) = Amplitude * cos ( t * harmonicSpeed + ...
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Differences between lake effect and ocean effect snow
What are the differences between the conditions that lead to lake effect snow versus ocean effect snowfall?
Both can lead to significant snowfall, but usually lake effect causes large snow amounts.
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How is sea water level on the Earth a plane?
The Earth is has a globular shape and sea water level is a plane.
We are on the upper surface of the Earth, then how is sea water level a plane?
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Ranges of Ocean wave number and Ocean wave frequency
I am new to oceanography. As per the practical scenario, what is the range of wave number and wave frequency values? Thanks in advance.
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Why does decreasing surface alkalinity increase surface pCO2?
According to Takahashi et al. (1993), pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) in the surface ocean changes due to 4 surface variables: temperature, salinity, total carbon (dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC) and ...
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Why is some ocean on continental crust?
While most ocean crust is formed from oceanic plate formations there are areas of the ocean (much of the Gulf of Mexico, Eastern US coast, North Sea, Arabian coast of India) which appear to be ...
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Does the 0m elevation height of a Digital Elevation Model (Copernicus DEM) correspond to mean sea level?
I want to model future coastal flooding caused by sea-level rise under the latest IPCC scenarios at global scale. To this end, I use the Copernicus Digital Elevation Model (Copernicus DEM: https://...
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Why south of Japan has a zone with winds facing each other?
This is an image of the wind in est Asia, south of Japan.
How do you explain this zone I circled in pink, where winds from north and south face each other? Thanks
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Highest amount of sun hours in the ocean
Solar panels create electricity from (sun)light. It stands to reason that more hours of light equals more electricity. This is a gross simplification of the problem, as light strength, heat, how ...
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How does the partial pressure of oxygen relate to its concentration in water?
I've read that the partial pressure of oxygen in water will be the same as the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere, but that the saturation of oxygen in water is dependent on factors like ...
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(Why) is the thermohaline circulation not affected by the coriolis effect?
Why doesn't (e.g.) the equatorward North Atlantic Deep Water bend more to the west?
Is it maybe because the water tends to move relatively slowly and the magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on ...
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Gulf stream depth and Ekman's theory
The Gulf Stream is said to be
Largely driven by wind stress, and
Up to 1000 m deep.
At the same time, I am reading that
the effect of the wind usually does not reach deeper than 100 m
in Ekman ...
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Could this be a tooth or a fossil, looks like a molar [closed]
Found at shore off Genoa, Italy. My kids really think it’s a molar of some kind..
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Why is the time interval between tides so irregular?
Looking at the tidal calendar for the German North Sea, I wonder why the interval between times is so irregular. Internet searches lead to pages that say the tides should be regular 24 hours 50 ...
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Has this Science improved since 2018
Growing food in deserts with seawater seems to be a way to feed people and revitalize a ravished landscape. They appear to be doing it already. Why can't We pipe some ocean water inland from the West ...
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Is ocean pasture restoration a real solution to quickly mitigate climate change?
In this youtube video American entrepreneur Russ George claims that - based on research of oceanographer John Martin and some experiments he made in British Columbia - pouring mineral dust into the ...
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Biggest discrete spire on earth?
I was sniffing around some Mariana topo maps yesterday and found a really discrete spire that seems to start at 35,000 ft and rise to 8,700, making it 26,000 ft tall. As per the attached pictures. Is ...
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How deep could an ocean trench be on Earth theoretically? [duplicate]
I was listening to a creepypasta story on YouTube about extremely deep places in the ocean deeper than the Marianas' Trench, and that makes me wonder.
On Earth specifically, how deep could an ocean ...
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Velocity boundary conditions from water depth time series
Currently, I am setting up a hydrodynamic model for a coastal zone. For this purpose I need to impose the velocity and water level at the open boundary.
Tidal models (e.g. TPXO) can give both velocity ...
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