Questions tagged [precipitation]
Precipitation is any form of moisture that falls from a cloud and reaches the ground. Precipitation can fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, hail, graupel... etc.
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Drought Prediction
I have read many articles about drought forecasting, but I always come across the concept of 'lead time' for SPI forecasting. Please can someone who knows the subject briefly explain the concept of '...
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How do you determine the % of precipitation falling as snow in the case below?
I have just started a course in hydrology (a totally different field from mine which is computer science) and I can't find the link between the fact that a river flows into a lake and the % of ...
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Download faster era5 data [closed]
I want to download multiple files for a specific area, one file daily for an specific variable like total rainfall in one month. I'm having problems with the for loop and changing the output file name ...
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Daily data for snow water equivalent (not including rain)
Do you know a way to find daily snow water equivalent data, for just snow and not any rain that may have fallen same day?
Backstory:
Hi, I'm pretty new to all this. I work for a small city that wants ...
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How to simulate rainfall for a 1 in 100 year storm event?
I have information about total rainfall during a 24-hour, 1 in 100-year storm event for a location. (source: https://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/index.html). I would like to use this information and ...
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How much variation in total precipitation does the Earth receive each year?
I'm interested in this question because we invariably get persistent headlines year after year about drought. If it's true that the Earth receives roughly the same amount of precipitation every year, ...
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Do geographic features like large lakes or a moraine make it more difficult to predict precipitation?
I've noticed that Environment Canada's precipitation forecasts for the Great Lakes region (east of Toronto) are usually one of the following:
30% rain
40% rain
60% rain
70% rain
But not usually ...
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How has precipitation changed in Europe?
I was just wondering if the precipitation in Europe has changed, for example, in its intensity or source? Has the source of the precipitation also changed? The water evaporates in the Atlantic. Is it ...
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Empirical adjustment factors for generating sub-daily precipitation values (for IDF curves)
I am trying to generate an Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curve using 6-hourly precipitation data. These curves are used to estimate the return period for a rain event with a specific intensity (...
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At what latitudes does the precipitation water for Europe evaporate?
I'm currently wondering at what latitudes the precipitation water for Europe evaporates. For some reason I can hardly find any data on where the source of the vapour can be, which is then transported ...
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Best method for weather station data interpolation with external parameters
I'm part of an organization maintaning a large network of weather stations (~3000 stations) over a European country.
Besides storing data measured from the stations into a database, we also produce ...
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Compute upwind flux for gridded data
I'm trying to compute something called the "Drying Ratio" following: Eidhammer, 2018
The drying ratio is the ratio of the precipitation to the incoming vapor flux. So,
$DR = \frac{F_{in} - ...
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How might 25% lower gravity affect precipitation on an Earth-like planet? [closed]
I'm working on a science fiction project and hoping someone who knows something about climate can answer this question for me: if Earth had 25% less gravity, how would that affect precipitation? I ...
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Drought in Scotland?
The BBC reported on March 28, 2022 that Guinard Island was on fire.
That strikes me as odd. The west of Scotland should be wet in spring. A wildfire in Scotland in March seems strikingly out of place ...
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Could the Pineapple Express collide with cold air, resulting in extreme snowfall?
The pineapple express is a colloquial term for the strong atmospheric river produced by the polar jet stream, which drives excessive moisture and warmer air towards north-western North America.
With ...
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Easiest way to visualize precipitation drainage using raster elevation files in R?
As a non-specialist, enviro-enthusiast, I am curious about visualizing post-precipitation run-off in my local area. I have been able to access and download appropriate elevatio rasters for my local ...
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Are carbonated stalactite deposits sedimentary deposits?
Acording to britanica.com:
sedimentary rock, rock formed at or near Earth’s surface by the accumulation and lithification of sediment (detrital rock) or by the
precipitation from solution at normal ...
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How can I calculate the relative change in Precipitation using CMIP models without producing unrealistic results in Dry areas?
I am calculating changes in precipitation using the Delta method, wherein the relative changes are calculated thus:
Delta change = (modelled Future climatology (2050s) - modelled historical ...
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What are those precipitation and water droplet characterization instruments called that they put on meteorological aircraft? How do they work?
A long time ago I did some reading on Mie scattering and atmospheric particulate counting and I got sidetracked on raindrop characterization.
I remember reading about light and laser based ...
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Relationship between Probability of Precipitation and Predicted Amount of Rain [duplicate]
If a popular website provides an hourly forecast, and it states at 12:00pm there will be a 20% chance of precipitation and 2.5 mm of rain...
What does the "2.5 mm of rain" mean?
(A) ... If ...
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Rainfall Anomaly Index using satellite data
I'm working on a script for calculating the Rainfall Anomaly Index1 (RAI) for an area using satellite imagery to estimate precipitation. The context I have seen the RAI used in before is for weather ...
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Find optimum number and location of rain gauges
Is there any recommended method for finding the optimum number and location of rain gauges over a region based on the data from existing rain gauges. There is one Isohyetal method that does not give ...
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What effect would a slowdown of the AMOC have in particular on North America's climate/weather?
From what I know so far, a slowdown/shutdown in the gulf stream would cause climate change to run counter to the way that it would normally progress (i.e. poles warming faster than the tropics.) Warm ...
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When calculating a precipitation index, should it be constrained to a basin?
I am writing a script for calculating a precipitation index using satellite imagery, and am wondering if it can be applied to an arbitrary area or if it should be constrained to a basin. My gut says ...
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Is there any open source, stochastic rain forecast data available for the UK?
I'm sometimes frustrated by publicly available precipitation forecasts, such as those offered by the Met Office or Google. If I understand these forecasts correctly, they tell me:
The expected volume ...
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Hypothetical: Can we rehabilitate arid/desert landscapes through the artificial precipitation from exhausts of hydrogen powered airplanes?
Note: I know this question sounds fit for aviation stack exchange, but other aspects of this question like cloud formation, atmospheric behavior, precipitation and overall water cycle can be better ...
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How to calculate change in volume of a container using rainfall data
I have 2 data. A container data, 3 containers(A1,A2 and A3) all are the same height, but each have varying water volume, the table consist of change of water volume (hourly) for the weeks 1 and 2.
.. ...
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Why does Japan get so much snow?
Japan seems to get a surprising amount of snow in winter, compared to other places that are as cold or colder.
The snow seems to be concentrated on the west side of the country, which suggests the ...
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Is there really precipitation on Mars? Does frost count?
The NASA Goddard science education page answer to Reading about Mars, I noticed that it has .03% of water vapor in it's atmosphere, and my question was if it has water vapor why doesn't it have ...
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Looking for the climate classification for a particular climate
I'm looking for the climate classification among the many different climate classification systems covering my absolute favorite form of climate. If a classification for this doesn't exist, and you ...
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R SPEI package on waterbalance timeseries for multiple locations with NA's: unexpected data output distribution
I want to use the spei() function in the SPEI package on a waterbalance dataset from 2015-2020 of 99 locations. The waterbalance is calculated out of MODIS PET values (8-day summed to monthly) and ...
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Where to find reliable snowfall rate data?
Would you please let me know where I can find/download reliable snowfall rate datasets?
I am looking for multiple weather stations (in different regions) or field measured data, that contain both ...
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Are weather changes periodic? (Do the same weather patterns repeat over years?) (Cycles) (Journal paper suggestion)
I am wondering if there is long term (10 year, 7 year, 20 year) periodic patterns Similar to short term seasonal and periodic patterns in weather such as sea/land wind, monsoon, ENSO, ocean sea-saw, ...
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Why does Panama have a dry season?
So, I understand that during much of the year, Panama gets regular rain due to moist air being carried in by the trade winds from the Caribbean.
However, the country also has a "dry season" from ...
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What does supersaturation with respect to ice mean?
I've been reading about the Bergeron process, a process that generates much of the precipitation in the middle latitudes by generating ice crystals at the expense of water droplets. The part I don't ...
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Why is April the driest month (by far) in the Benelux?
According to Wikipedia*, April is the driest month in the Netherlands, with only 41.6mm rainfall on average, as opposed to neighbouring months March (57.8mm) and May (59.3mm). This difference (about ...
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Is there an index that evaluate how even temporal rainfall distribution is?
Like some biodiversity indices that account for species evenness (whether it is dominated by a few species), I am wondering do meteorologists use an index to describe how even a temporal rainfall ...
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Creating a drought metric using precipitation data?
I'm currently working on a project in which I need to create a metric to quantify drought. For the state of Pennsylvania, I have daily precipitation data from many NOAA precipitation gauges (inches of ...
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How to interpret precipitation probability?
Below is the Dallas precipitation forecast I just got (requested from Google
at 10am, Nov 29, 2019).
From this, what is the probability that a 10cm (diameter) cup placed in a
Dallas park from 4:00pm ...
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How to infer local precipitation from reanalysis data?
Let's say I'm extracting precipitation from a single pixel or region from a reanalysis (MERRA-2, ERA-5, Interim) dataset.
I can infer a distribution for the daily data (Gamma, Pearson-III, e.g. link),...
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Precipitation and Elevation
Does precipitation increase or decrease as elevation increases? Because I heard that in the mountains they get more precipitation due to the orographic effect and how the mountains drain the moisture ...
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How can I describe this data using a graph?
I want to know how I can put all this data into one graph. I thought that temperature can be graphed as a bar graph and precipitation could be used with a line graph. However I don't know how i can ...
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Can I interpolate rainfall data from stations outside of watershed for the watershed?
I have only few station inside the watershed so I want to use the stations outside if I can to get better results
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Is there a way to approximate the density of air during rain?
Given a rate of precipitation (in mm3/hour), and average droplet diameter, is is it possible to calculate (or even ballpark) the density of the air+rain droplets at time of rainfall?
What I mean is, ...
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Does tropical rain forest as defined by the Holdridge Life Zone classification exist in any meaningful prevalence?
I've been recently introduced to the Holdridge life zones and their method of classification, and have been somewhat concerned/confused by the definitions of tropical rain forest as described by the ...
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Flood and Statistics
A recent flood was due to combined effect of rainfall(precipitation) and reservoir storage. I have daily rainfall data and reservoir storage data. How can I correlate these two to get a statistical ...
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Rainfall Frequency Analyses
I have monthly precipitation data and would like to create the frequency curve for the 2, 5, 10, 100 year storms. I have access to NetStorm, STORMS 2000, CFA (from Environment Canada) and HEC-SSP.
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Model impact of atmopsheric circulation changes on precipitation dD of a region
I'm looking to model the impact of broad scale atmospheric circulation changes on the hydrogen isotope ratio of precipitation for a given region. As an example, what impact does a high pressure system ...
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Artefacts in PERSIANN-CCS data
I downloaded PERSIANN-CCS for the region of Pawlowdar, Kazakhstan and this has stripes all over my downloaded data.
For another AOI in Kazakhstan I do not have this problem.
Does anyone of you have ...
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Circular rain cloud observed in rain radar
This circular rain pattern was observed in Sydney’s rain radar today. It remained for the entire loop, wiggling around a bit but mostly staying in the same place.
The fact that it’s centred around ...
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