Questions tagged [sedimentology]
Sedimentology encompasses the study of modern sediments such as sand, mud, and clay, and the processes that result in their deposition.
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What is the sphericity and roundness of Saône River Sand
I'm interested in knowing about Saône River sand found at the river's headwater just outside the city of Dijon, France, as seen in the image below, Saône highlighted red, Dijon highlighted yellow. (...
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When was the thickness of the Earth's crust calculated?
When was the average thickness of the Earth's crust first calculated or estimated? What did scientists know about the thickness of the Earth's crust before the 20th century? In what interval(s) fell ...
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Understanding the Facies and its Interpretation in Terms of Processes and Possible Depositional Environments
Fellow sedimentologists and geoscientists! I'm seeking your expertise in understanding a particular facies and its implications in terms of sedimentary processes and potential depositional ...
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Suspended sediment yield
I am finding it difficult to understand the factors that affect the suspended sediment yield in an area. I was thinking of the Rouse number and how it is affected by the particle diameter, slope and ...
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How were the rainbow mountains formed?
There are several examples of rainbow mountains in various countries. How were they made?
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If dinosaurs lived in cities, would we be able to find traces?
Suppose that at least 65m years ago, the dinosaurs (or, for that matter, another species) would have sufficiently developed to build settlements with houses, roads and the like.
Would archaeologists ...
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How is it possible that natural gas fields are so deep?
How is it possible that gas is stored kilometers deep? Where does all the material on top come from? If new plankton would create more gas, would the new gas be at similar depth in a few 100 million ...
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Why does the sandstone in Yehliu and other scenic coastal northern Taiwan look like vanilla fudge swirl ice cream?
I had the photos below handy from a recent trip, but in other areas of northern taiwan you can see very long, thin sheets of this dark, rust-like "chocolate swirl" separating very large, ...
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How to convert Carbon stored in surface sediments (kg/m2) to percent?
I need to convert organic carbon provided in kg C/m2 to percent.
Any help would be appreciated.
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How does a sepiolite deposit form?
I'm interested in a material known as sepiolite. Wikipedia has the articles sepiolite in English and Sepiolita. in Spanish.
I'm more a person who tends to be more mathematical. But I'm interested in ...
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What chemical or physical parameters altered during the usage of buffered versus unbuffered extractant for leachability of a soil or sediment?
Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is an extraction method to simulate a soil or sediment leaching. The method employed two extraction fluids - one is a buffered
solution of acetic acid ...
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Is this kind of sediment location sampling on river acceptable?
Yesterday, we performed a sediment sampling along both sides of a river. On various research papers, it seems that they always made it successfully to perform the sampling at both left and right side ...
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Why are the Himalayan rivers highly tortuous in the mountain reaches?
"In the Himalayan reaches, the course of these rivers is highly
tortuous, but over the Plains they display a strong meandering
tendency and shift their courses frequently."
This is what I ...
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Blueberries, cauliflower, chert, concretions, accretions and diagenetic crystal clusters on Mars, can you help me sort these all out?
Curiosity has actually seen these types of features before, which are called diagenetic crystal clusters. Diagenetic means the recombination or rearrangement of minerals, and these features consist of ...
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What makes sand dunes shaped asymmetrically?
I have been working on a simulation to approximate the formation process of dunes. I understand that their formation is a result of saltation and aeolian processes, but I don't understand the exact ...
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Reconstructing lake level from organic and magnetic sediment data
I would like to understand why any of the following conditions in a layer of a lacustrine sediment core appear to imply that the lake level was low at the relevant time:
low C/N ratio
low δ13C
low ...
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What does the term "founder" in "load and founder structure" mean in sedimentary geology?
In the context of sediment deformation, why are some structures called load and founder structures? I know what a load is, but what is a founder?
I read it in Sam Boggs, Jr's Principles of ...
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Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks' Susceptibility to landslide
Which is more susceptible to landslide based on lithology compared to one another?
Granite, Conglomerate, Sandstone, Mudstone
I've been tasked to create a hazard map and was given a Geologic Map, ...
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Are carbonated stalactite deposits sedimentary deposits?
Acording to britanica.com:
sedimentary rock, rock formed at or near Earth’s surface by the accumulation and lithification of sediment (detrital rock) or by the
precipitation from solution at normal ...
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Why is the delta part of Jezero crater higher than the surroundings?
In images of Jezero crater on Mars, it looks like the delta fan is higher than the surrounding crater floor.
This indeed seems to be the case with closer-up images from the Perseverance rover taken ...
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Is Radiocarbon dating flawed?
I posted this before on physics stack exchange, but it was deemed off topic, which is understandable, so I hope it won't be here.
Recently, I stumbled upon an article by an individual named A.M. ...
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What is the sedimentary form of gabbro/diabase? What would it look like?
Gabbro is an intrusive, mafic, and igneous rock. How would it turn into sedimentary rock?
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How to tell whether sediment was laid in ocean or on land
What are the features of terrestrial lithographic/clastic sediment that indicate it was deposited into an oceanic as opposed to a terrestrial (e.g. fluvial or lacustrine) environment? How to tell ...
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Are we observing sedimentary rock formation today?
For instance, are we able to see the microscopic accumulation of shale or limestone?
Can anyone reference me to sandstone formation observation, that would have to occur more rapidly. I’ve heard it ...
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Permeability test
What are the different ways permeability of a core specimen can be determined accurately for fluids with different viscosities and their mixtures?
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SC7 and SC10 Lithology Classifications
I am looking for the full names of the lithology classifications SC7 and SC10. According to the FAO's guidelines for soil description SC3 e.g. refers to silt-, mud-, claystone. What do SC7 and SC10 ...
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Have we looked for human-like signals in the geological record?
This is somewhat of a follow up to some interesting discussion here about using synthetic radioisotopes to define the start of the anthropocene. It is also sort of related to a question asked here, ...
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What kind of soil is being worked in this video? [closed]
I have recently stumbled across this video on Youtube, where quite a magnificient building is carved into the soil with simple tools like a shovel and hoe. The location is somewhere in South America, ...
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Mass budget of coastal erosion and ocean deposion
This question made me wonder: how much mass (or volume) of material is eroded by the sea each year? Of this mass, how much is deposited in the oceans? (As Michael pointed out in his answer, part of ...
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Can we separate a sandy, clayey & salt layer on basis of their rheological properties?
Since, given enough compaction, salt is able to behave like a fluid & buoyant too if it's overlain by a higher density rock (it could be fine grained clay or a sandy sequence). But in another case,...
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When sediments are deposited, do they sink into the earth?
I was listening to a geology podcast describing how sedimentary rock forms and later turns into metamorphic rock. As a river lays down sediment, the lower layers can eventually be several kilometers ...
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Sandstone Layer Question
I have been exploring the sandstone of southern Utah for many years and I have a question about the area around Sidestep Canyon (near Wahweap, near Page, AZ). There are many amazing hoodoos there and ...
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How much does the weight of urban structures (buildings) affect the compaction (permeability, porosity, density) of alluvial sediments below a city?
I live in Van, Turkey. Van City is situated on an alluvial plain beside Lake Van. General geological structure of the area can be seen on pages 43-44 in this conference book. One of the images is ...
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Can a braided stream create thick relatively continuous siltstone beds?
I am attempting to interpret an outcrop I went to. I suggested it was created by a braided stream. The one thing I cannot explain are prominent alternating siltstone and sandstone beds. There are ...
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Is there any significance of lacustrine gastropoda fossils regarding paleoenviroment interpretation?
How to interpret lots of gastropoda fossils seen in lacustrine marls? Do they indicate any paleoenvironment conditions? Depth, temperature, chemistry, ph?
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How do I plot Troels-Smith lithological symbols in R?
I'm trying to plot lithological data using the Troels-Smith scheme. I have tried psimpoll but as I only have lithological data I cannot create a main input file which is required. I also do not have ...
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A few questions about the morphology and sediment dynamics of Wissant Bay (France)
Could someone please explain what exactly is shown on the following image? I have a few questions such as:
How did the 'Banc à la Ligne' come about? (I know it has something to do with the fact that ...
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How do you interpret Oxygen Isotope changes?
In a paper I am reading, the authors note "large (5-7%) negative shifts in the oxygen isotopic composition of geologic proxy materials" (Davis 2008, pg. 102) in several regional basins. This is then ...
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What are these basal rip up clasts in North Dakota?
Ther's an graph that appears that the KT asteroid turned the rocks into rubble 3000 km away, else there was a rain of big rocks from the sky.
What are the rip up clasts and what is the way they were ...
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How much climate history can be reconstructed using marine sediment cores?
Today I learnt in college that marine sediments can be used to reconstruct the climate up to 500 million years back. I find that number very strange because in another class we learnt that the ocean ...
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How do we detect floods?
How do we know that there was a flood at a certain place at a certain time.
For example if there was a flood in place A 200 years ago. How could we detect it?
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Geological feature - what is it?
Hello,
We were walking in Bundoran in Donegal County, Ireland today and we encountered the geological feature shown in the picture (from above from cliffs and from very close up at beach level). We ...
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What caused this waterfall to have rounded formations?
This is at Bua Tong Waterfalls in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Tried to find scientific information about this waterfall, but google turns up only travellers' vague guesses, suggesting calcium carbonate ...
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In an Earth-like planet with no history of carbon-based life forms, would there be limestone?
The extent of my understanding of limestone is about what Wikipedia says at the very top of the page:
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such ...
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Where can I find papers on the geology of the Wastach Range in Utah
I am looking for papers on the stratigraphy, geochronology and/or compositional make up of the Wastach Range and its formations. I prefer a broad overview paper and I can't seem to find one. Any help ...
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Is there sand in Antarctica?
There's a song "Blizzard's Never Seen the Desert's Sand". Given Antarctica is a desert, someone questioned the title's validity. BUT is there sand in Antarctica?
I'd imagine yes as it's a pretty ...
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How much does sea level rise due to sediment deposition?
There has been a lot of noise in the news in the last few days because Congressman Mo Brooks from Alabama claimed that erosion played a role in rising sea levels. Quoting from Science magazine:
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How are the Scala dei Turchi staircases formed?
The Scala dei Turchi i (Italian: "Stair of the Turks") is a rocky cliff on the coast of Realmonte in Italy:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_dei_Turchi#/media/File:Scala_dei_Turchi_panorama.jpg
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How are sand blocks formed?
My son asked me at the beach how are "sand stones" formed. These are the solid (but fragile) sand conglomerates which you can hold in your hand and which crumble to sand once pressed.
I tried some ...
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Presence of cross stratified conglomerates in fan deltas
Why are cross stratified conglomerates found in deposits of fan deltas? I know that fan deltas are alluvial fans that deposit directly into the sea, hence they are poorly sorted.But could not ...