Questions tagged [temperature]
An objective measure of hot and cold, typically measured by a thermometer.
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Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of diatomite (also known as diatomaceous earth or kieselguhr)
Does anyone know where can I find measured thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of diatomite for different temperatures? I'm looking for the temperature dependency for temperatures higher than ...
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How much cooler would the Earth’s surface be if there was no contribution from radiogenic heating?
According to Earth's internal heat budget (Wikipedia) “About 50% of the Earth's internal heat originates from radioactive decay”.
However, this makes up only a small portion of the Earth’s heat budget ...
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Is there such a thing as a "warm wind"?
Sometimes, people say things like "It's only $5^\circ\mathrm{C}$ outside, but there is a warm wind, and it feels much warmer" (I live in Austria, a region where there are Föhn winds). I have ...
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Better method to identify seasons in temperature time series?
I'm trying to find a way to automatically detect the start/end of the 4 seasons based on a time series of daily mean temperature.
According to this paper summer and winter can be defined as (smoothed) ...
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Map showing monthly or weekly average low temperatures in Turkey and Iran
I am hoping to walk from Trabzon to Astara during October and November. I am hoping to take the route that will have the highest "average low" temperature across this period, to make camping ...
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What is the baseline temperature for the climate-change debate
All of the literature at the heart of the current climate change debate talks about +1.5 degrees or +2.0 degrees above the pre-industrial average.
I understand that, usually, pre-industrial means 1850-...
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What causes the rapid change in temperature / climate at various points in the past 10 million years, generally speaking?
I am reading about the evolution of humans from ~2mya to today, and am running into some stuff on Geology like the 8.2-kiloyear event, and other "cooling" events and warming events. I ...
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Shouldn't the permanent snow line be considerably higher in the Alps and on Mt Hood if temperature falls 6.5°C per 1000 meters?
The permanent snow line in the Alps is around 10,000 ft (3,000 m) elevation. This was further confirmed by a passenger flight I took late June where the screen showed 0°C (freeze point) around 10,000 ...
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Assessment of Antarctic temperature anomalies
The University of Maine website climatereanalyzer.org has a plethora of data visualizations, among them a display of 2 meter temperature anomalies.
The image of Antarctica today is below, with a green ...
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Is the global temperature of the earth a physical quantity at all?
In discussions with physically educated among the deniers of the greenhouse effect, it is repeatedly claimed that it is completely pointless to state a quantity such as a global average temperature of ...
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Dew-point temperature and absolute humidity
I am looking for a reference (e.g. book, peer-reviewed paper) that asserts that
absolute humidity is "equivalent" to the dew-point temperature.
Such statement should be true, AFAIU. Online, ...
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What determines the outside temperature when the sun goes down?
My name is Steve. My question concerns two days in a row we had recently. Both days reached up to the high 90s, sunny with no rain or clouds. On the first day, the temperature only got down to about ...
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Why do tropical areas have low air pressure?
From the question Why are pressure levels raised on warm days?, my understanding is that the air pressure at surface level is not affected by temperature, as the mass of the imagined air column stays ...
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Is the air temperature usually below the dewpoint above the top of a cloud?
Rising from the ground in an airplane, I fly into the bottom of a cloud.
I can explain the bottom of the cloud as air temperature (which decreases
with altitude) being decreased to the dewpoint.
I fly ...
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How is this global temperature chart compiled?
In this BBC News article, there is a chart labelled "Hottest day on record globally - Daily average air temperature, 1940-2023". It shows temperatures that are higher in summer and lower in ...
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Temperature Data Software
I'm looking to create a map of the U.S. that depicts mean winter and summer temperatures. Is there a software suitable for this?
I found CSVs of data here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-daily/...
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Where is seasonally latent heat stored?
The hottest and coldest days of the year lag the solstices by several weeks. Where is the latent heat stored that causes that? Obviously, it's some combination of land, sea, and air, but which (if ...
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How to calculate ΔSST change in time series climate dataset
I have monthly SST data (21 years = 252 months) and now I am wondering to figure out ΔSST in python.
Basically I am unable to understand the Δ term meaning as shown in below equation:
I am able to ...
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How to download atmospheric/oceanographic data for a given region in the sea?
I am trying to get data of atmospheric temperature, wind intensity and/or atmospheric pressure for a specific region of the sea, since I have ocean bottom pressure data from a fixed instrument (lat,...
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How to calculate wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) using only temperature and humidity?
Greetings fellow scholars,
I'm trying to answer the question above because I've come across WBGT calculators like this one (https://www.climatechip.org/heat-stress-index-calculation) and I don't ...
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Is it cold or hot on top of a tropical cyclone?
So I know that cloud tops of the thunderstorm in a tropical cyclone can reach -80 degrees Celsius according to infrared satellite imagery. Is the temperature of the air above the storm's eyewall ...
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Is equivalent potential temperature constant also for dry adiabatic processes?
Equivalent Potential Temperature, defined as
$$\theta_e = \theta \cdot e^{qL/c_pT}$$
with $\theta$ denoting potential temperature and q the specific moisture of water remains constant for wet ...
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Planetary surface temperature from first principles
How can you calculate planetary surface temperatures from first principles? The obvious application is for Earth, with a surface temperature of $288$K. I want a calculation with no fudge factors (i.e.,...
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Map of earth subsurface temperature
I see similar flavours of this question have been asked a few times, but I still don't see a satisfying answer. I am looking for data (maps) of the earth subsurface temperature at a depth sufficient ...
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How much average temperature increase in India is due to Urbanisation and population growth?
There is an article on the BBC talking about an alarming increase of heatwaves in India. It also says that:
Average temperatures in India have risen by around 0.7% between 1901 and 2018,
partly due ...
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Why is geothermal heat insignificant to surface temperature?
I believe the temperature gradient underground is as high as 30°C per kilometer of depth. Thus, it is very warm only 1 kilometer below the Earth's surface. Yet, it is commonly stated that geothermal ...
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At what depth does the ground stop getting cooler/hotter(summer/winter) and it starts to warm up?Where is the MAT depth or geothermal crossover?
Lookin into geothermal cooling, and want to learn more about how temperature behaves at different depths, not too deep like 100 meters or so, ignoring unusual stuff like geysers and things.
I want to ...
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What is the average temperature of the whole planet Earth, not just the surface?
What is the average temperature of the Earth when you take into account all of the layers, not just the surface? Everything I've found so far concern only the surface or each layer individually. But ...
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Why aren't weather balloons left in the atmosphere permanently?
I was reading about weather balloons and the articles said that weather balloon flights usually last about two hours. When I looked up why, some articles said that when the balloons get high enough in ...
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Why does the temperature change about every 50-100 meters near hills
So I was in this place called Chamundi hills, Mysore.
I was riding back at around 7pm down hill and noticed this strange behavior. About every 50-100 meters the temperature fluctuated.
It was ...
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Forecasted temperature in the shade vs. theoretical "feels-like" temperature in the sun
I understand that different objects absorb different amounts of light (blackbody absorption). I wonder how feasible it would be to calculate the approximate temperature in the sun based upon the ...
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How has the earth's temperature stayed relatively stable despite all the heat released in the atmosphere by humans? [duplicate]
If one considers the sum total of human heat emissions, especially over the last 3 centuries, the temperature increase over the time period does not seem to be commensurate. What gives? What self ...
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How to remove effect of topography on Air temperature in Excel?
I traversed a route in a city. The route has different elevation. So I need to remove the effect of elevation from my air temperature measurements. The measurements done by temperature data logger ...
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What consequences of the global climate change are expected in the next 50 years?
It is known, that due to global warming, the average temperature on Earth over the past 100 years has increased by 1.2 degrees. At the same time, I heard that earlier the temperature of the Earth was ...
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What are the main differences between the reference temperature and the average air temperature?
Last week when I was dealing with the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) seasonal forecasting system, a variable named “tref,” or Reference Temperature, caught my attention.
I read some ...
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Why does a temperature inversion act like a lid?
I do not understand why the fact that warm air is above cold air causes a lid like effect and traps pollutants below? What is it about that order? Why does warm air below cold air not restrict any ...
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Where Do I FInd IPCC RCP Global Mean Temperature Predictions?
We have written a free textbook at (http://climate-change.world). Its main focus is on the social science side of changing emissions. We are not atmospheric scientists, so all we want to do is to ...
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Why do the isotherms bulge north of the Bering Strait in winter, and bulge south of the Bering Strait in summer?
My grade-7 geography textbook contains these world average temperatures for January and July.
Average air temperatures in January (winter in the northern hemisphere)
Average air temperatures in July ...
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What is a wind chill formula that will work from -10 C to +50 C and uses wind speed in km/h?
I'm looking for a wind chill formula that will work from -10 °C to +50 °C and uses wind speed in km/h so that I can use this formula to add this element to a weather station I am programming. I don't ...
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What are the coldest and hottest ever recorded temperatures at the stratopause?
The stratopause is separating the stratosphere from the mesosphere around 47-53 km (29-33 mi) altitude. Standard atmosphere models give its temperature as minus 2.5°C, but how strong are its ...
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Maximum Air Temperature Decrease Over Time
Based on the maximum air temperature Time series plot plot below. What could be a possible reason(s) for Maximum Temperature to ...
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Which atmosphere model(s) put the upper end of the tropopause isothermal layer at 25 km and why?
The International and U.S. Standard atmospheres have a layer between 11 km (36,000 ft) and 20 km (66,000 ft) where the temperature is constant with altitude. This includes older versions of the U.S. ...
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How to calculate greenhouse effect for planet as well as for the atmosphere?
I recently found a calculation on how to calculate the greenhouse effect for Earth from another question here, but I couldn't make heads or tails of the calculations that were provided in one of the ...
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Mean free path and Scale height
Banks and Kockarts, in Aeronomy (Part B), has provided an illustration of the vertical distribution of the mean free path of atomic hydrogen for several thermopause temperatures (Fig. 16.3, p.84/362). ...
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Best method for weather station data interpolation with external parameters
I'm part of an organization maintaning a large network of weather stations (~3000 stations) over a European country.
Besides storing data measured from the stations into a database, we also produce ...
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How does the increase in CO2 concentration model explain the extreme lower colder temperatures
With burning of fossil fuels resulting in increased CO2 concentration, I get how increase in CO2 leads to a hotter planet and global warming because Earth's heat balance has been affected by CO2 ...
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What would the approx. min and max temperatures be for Snowball Earth with no atmosphere?
I saw a similar previous question on this website about the temperature of the Earth with no atmosphere. It sounds like if the Earth did lose its atmosphere we’d end up with either Snowball Earth or ...
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Is there a simple model for the interaction between greenhouse gases and infrared radiation?
I am thinking (in the simplest model) that the Earth emits $N$ photons per unit time, some proportion $p$ hit a greenhouse gas particle and will be re-emitted back towards the earth with a probability ...
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Urban heat island effect during winter time?
Say a given populated area is considered an "urban heat island", this would mean that during summer, temperatures will be higher in that area.
But what about winter? One could argue that ...
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Minimum temperature in Growing Degree Day (GDD) - from daytime or from the whole day?
I want to calculate growing degree days.
I have hourly data of temperature between the hours of 00:00 and 23:59.
I want to calculate the growing degree days and I saw that I need the minimum,maximum ...
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