Questions tagged [temperature]

An objective measure of hot and cold, typically measured by a thermometer.

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2 votes
1 answer
180 views

Why does a temperature inversion act like a lid?

I do not understand why the fact that warm air is above cold air causes a lid like effect and traps pollutants below? What is it about that order? Why does warm air below cold air not restrict any ...
3 votes
1 answer
72 views

What are the main differences between the reference temperature and the average air temperature?

Last week when I was dealing with the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) seasonal forecasting system, a variable named “tref,” or Reference Temperature, caught my attention. I read some ...
1 vote
0 answers
34 views

Where Do I FInd IPCC RCP Global Mean Temperature Predictions?

We have written a free textbook at (http://climate-change.world). Its main focus is on the social science side of changing emissions. We are not atmospheric scientists, so all we want to do is to ...
38 votes
3 answers
51k views

What would be the temperature of earth if there was no atmosphere?

I do know that the atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect),and reducing temperature extremes between ...
21 votes
4 answers
24k views

Where can I get archived hourly temperature data?

I am looking for historical hourly temperature data from many cities in the US what other data sources are there except wunderground? UPDATE: I will use the data to compare stations from the same ...
4 votes
0 answers
56 views

Why do the isotherms bulge north of the Bering Strait in winter, and bulge south of the Bering Strait in summer?

My grade-7 geography textbook contains these world average temperatures for January and July. Average air temperatures in January (winter in the northern hemisphere) Average air temperatures in July ...
3 votes
1 answer
1k views

What is a wind chill formula that will work from -10 C to +50 C and uses wind speed in km/h?

I'm looking for a wind chill formula that will work from -10 °C to +50 °C and uses wind speed in km/h so that I can use this formula to add this element to a weather station I am programming. I don't ...
3 votes
0 answers
69 views

What are the coldest and hottest ever recorded temperatures at the stratopause?

The stratopause is separating the stratosphere from the mesosphere around 47-53 km (29-33 mi) altitude. Standard atmosphere models give its temperature as minus 2.5°C, but how strong are its ...
1 vote
0 answers
48 views

Maximum Air Temperature Decrease Over Time

Based on the maximum air temperature Time series plot plot below. What could be a possible reason(s) for Maximum Temperature to ...
2 votes
0 answers
39 views

Which atmosphere model(s) put the upper end of the tropopause isothermal layer at 25 km and why?

The International and U.S. Standard atmospheres have a layer between 11 km (36,000 ft) and 20 km (66,000 ft) where the temperature is constant with altitude. This includes older versions of the U.S. ...
1 vote
0 answers
148 views

How to calculate greenhouse effect for planet as well as for the atmosphere?

I recently found a calculation on how to calculate the greenhouse effect for Earth from another question here, but I couldn't make heads or tails of the calculations that were provided in one of the ...
8 votes
2 answers
9k views

How can we calculate the temperature of the atmosphere, including the greenhouse effect?

I've been struggling to find equations that express how many degrees of warming greenhouse gases contribute, given the composition of an atmosphere (and solar insolation). What I did find was the ...
4 votes
0 answers
111 views

Mean free path and Scale height

Banks and Kockarts, in Aeronomy (Part B), has provided an illustration of the vertical distribution of the mean free path of atomic hydrogen for several thermopause temperatures (Fig. 16.3, p.84/362). ...
3 votes
0 answers
238 views

Best method for weather station data interpolation with external parameters

I'm part of an organization maintaning a large network of weather stations (~3000 stations) over a European country. Besides storing data measured from the stations into a database, we also produce ...
3 votes
2 answers
212 views

How does the increase in CO2 concentration model explain the extreme lower colder temperatures

With burning of fossil fuels resulting in increased CO2 concentration, I get how increase in CO2 leads to a hotter planet and global warming because Earth's heat balance has been affected by CO2 ...
2 votes
0 answers
52 views

What would the approx. min and max temperatures be for Snowball Earth with no atmosphere?

I saw a similar previous question on this website about the temperature of the Earth with no atmosphere. It sounds like if the Earth did lose its atmosphere we’d end up with either Snowball Earth or ...
4 votes
3 answers
483 views

Potential temperature constant in a well-mixed atmospheric layer?

Why is the potential temperature, defined as $\theta = T\Big(\frac{P_0}{P}\Big)^{R/c_p}$, constant in a well-mixed layer? I understand that the dew point temperature has to be parallel to a line of ...
8 votes
1 answer
201 views

Is there a simple model for the interaction between greenhouse gases and infrared radiation?

I am thinking (in the simplest model) that the Earth emits $N$ photons per unit time, some proportion $p$ hit a greenhouse gas particle and will be re-emitted back towards the earth with a probability ...
1 vote
0 answers
105 views

Urban heat island effect during winter time?

Say a given populated area is considered an "urban heat island", this would mean that during summer, temperatures will be higher in that area. But what about winter? One could argue that ...
4 votes
1 answer
50 views

Minimum temperature in Growing Degree Day (GDD) - from daytime or from the whole day?

I want to calculate growing degree days. I have hourly data of temperature between the hours of 00:00 and 23:59. I want to calculate the growing degree days and I saw that I need the minimum,maximum ...
1 vote
0 answers
35 views

Which atmospheric parameters will give accurate result of electricity consumption of an area by using multiple regression model?

I have a dataset that gives values of temperature, Relative humidity Geopotential Ozone mass mixing ratio Potential vorticity Fraction of cloud cover Specific cloud ice water content Specific cloud ...
4 votes
0 answers
107 views

How much does a global model's accuracy change with the timestep?

I've been working with ICON, ICON-EU and GFS forecasts, and it seems like the temperature results are "close" for the same location, 6 hour forecasts and 120 hour forecasts - MAE: 5.7 and 6....
8 votes
0 answers
83 views

By how much did the Earth's diameter decrease due to cooling, if at all, since it was formed?

The answer to How long until Earth's core solidifies? question cites an estimation that the Earth (as a planet, not the surface of it) has cooled down by about 250K since it was formed. The question ...
7 votes
3 answers
290 views

Why is my intuition wrong about the significance of a few degrees' temperature rise?

There has been a lot discussed about historical and future global temperature increases of a few degrees (e.g. the goal of limiting the rise this century to 1.5 °C or 2 °C). Intuitively, I'm tempted ...
1 vote
0 answers
44 views

How does carbon dioxide accumulate in the upper atmosphere if it is heavier than air [duplicate]

I am not a scientist but how does carbon dioxide make its way to the upper atmosphere form fossil fuel burning if it is heavier than oxygen (air), especially as the air is thinner in the upper as you ...
3 votes
2 answers
107 views

Skin temperature, live update satellites, are there any? If not, why not?

It would be good to have satellites that gave current readings of skin temperature so that farmers could see if their crop was freezing or too hot, as well as for other global warming monitoring. ...
3 votes
2 answers
116 views

Modelling atmospheric temperature as function of elevation

If I have a body that is exposed to light of intensity $I$, then its temperature should follow the ODE $$\dot{T} = a I - b T^4$$ Mountains are covered with snow, yet $I$ should be the same as at sea ...
-3 votes
1 answer
205 views

Why does the mainstream greenhouse gas theory for global warming ignore the mass of the surface?

The theory says that the energy absorbed by carbon dioxide is returned to the Earth's surface and raises its temperature. But, the surface has mass, earth, soil, rocks, etc., and this needs energy if ...
2 votes
0 answers
54 views

If there was no ozone layer, would the temperature decrease all the way from sea level to the mesopause?

The temperature increase with altitude in the stratosphere is caused by the UV radiation absorbed in the ozone layer, isn't it? What if there was no ozone layer? Would temperature keep decreasing ...
4 votes
1 answer
91 views

What is the unit impact of $\small\sf{CO_2}$ on global temperature?

I'm trying to find the impact of X tonnes of CO2 on global temperature so I can infer the unit impact of CO2 on temperature. While we know there is a positive correlation, I can't seem to find a study ...
8 votes
2 answers
135 views

Where to find reliable water temperature?

I need data regarding water temperature of Mediterranean Sea according to changes in depth. I couldn't find these data in the Copernicus Marine website, so I'd like to know if you know of any database ...
3 votes
1 answer
665 views

Temperature Inversion

According to my environmental management textbook, the conditions necessary for a temperature inversion are: High air pressure, which causes the upper air to sink Calm conditions resulting from high ...
4 votes
0 answers
301 views

What is the reason behind some of the biome anomalies in Africa?

For example : The center of Africa lies in the Equatorial region and yet, does not have tropical rainforests all the way across. The island of Madagascar has two different biomes Since altitude and ...
50 votes
14 answers
48k views

Why is the pond in my backyard not frozen when it is -15 °C (5 °F) outside?

I am in O'Fallon, Missouri and today it is -15 °C (5 °F) outside. I was taught water freezes at 0 °C (32 °F). I could understand if it was exactly 0 °C (32 °F) that the water might not be turning to ...
3 votes
2 answers
2k views

Pressure vs Temperature effect on humidity

I am a bit confused about pressure vs temperature effect on relative humidity. I know that air density is decreased with altitude, which means that there is more "space" between air ...
1 vote
1 answer
112 views

Meterological measures -formula containing temperature, humidity, cloud, wind

I am looking for a meteorological measure (formula) of something which combines 2 or more of the following: temperature, humidity, cloud, wind, precipitation, UV I have searched, and for example, ...
4 votes
1 answer
259 views

Is there really less diurnal temperature variation in the mountains than at sea level?

I live in the Los Angeles area, at sea level. Nearby we have tall mountains where I like to go hiking. I've noticed something strange about the NOAA forecasts, which is that the forecasts in the ...
2 votes
1 answer
213 views

Is there a bigger diurnal temperature variation in the summer because of a greater humidity?

It seems there is a greater variation in temperature during summer than during winter (image: maximal and minimal temperatures in Britain - source). My hypothesis is that this is because there's a ...
7 votes
1 answer
1k views

Why is the snow line higher in the Himalayas than on the equator?

Excerpt from WP page Snow line: "At or near the equator, it is typically situated at approximately 4,500 metres (14,764 ft) above sea level. As one moves towards the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic ...
18 votes
3 answers
5k views

Why would it be drier indoors during the winter vs the summer?

Yesterday during the day, inside my house it was 16% relative humidity. Outside it was 69% relative humidity and cold, around 35 degrees Farenheit. It is always 72 degrees Farenheit inside the house. ...
4 votes
0 answers
28 views

Is there any measured atmospheric temperature profile made public?

I'm looking for a temperature-with-altitude measurement by a sounding rocket having gone through the tropo, strato- and mesosphere, have any such results been published after temperatures were ...
1 vote
1 answer
519 views

Why is the isothermal layer being considered a part of the stratosphere rather than the troposphere or being an independent layer?

At altitudes from 12-20 km (7-12.5 mi) above the midlatitudes the temperature remains constant with altitude (minus 56.5°C in the ISA). This part is usually considered to be in the stratosphere, but ...
2 votes
2 answers
2k views

What is the relationship between air pressure and temperature?

I'm trying to reconcile a paradox regarding air pressure and temperature. On the one hand, compressing air heats it up, while expanding it cools it. So density and temperature are proportional. On the ...
12 votes
3 answers
54k views

What was the highest temperature ever recorded on the surface of Earth?

The article entitled "54 Celsius degrees in Iran, the highest temperature ever recorded?" says 56,6 Celsius may be the highest temperature ever recorded, in Death Valley, California, and it also ...
5 votes
1 answer
154 views

How to determine the annual harmonics of temperature and salinity data?

This is a question on methodology. But I have 4d temperature and salinity gridded data (time, depth, lat and lon). The time is in monthly time steps. How would I get the annual harmonics of ...
24 votes
9 answers
13k views

Does human body temperature impact climate change?

The human body temperature is about 37 °C (99 °F), so as the population increases does this cause the Earth's temperature to rise?
5 votes
2 answers
1k views

Python - How to write interpolated raster to netcdf file

Currently i am dealing with a bunch of coordinates (epsg:4326 => lat/lon) and their corresponding value (temperature). The goal is to write these coordinates and their values into a simple netcdf ...
8 votes
1 answer
1k views

Relative Humidity approximation from Dew Point and Temperature

I would like to find a formula to approximate RH based on known air temperature and dew point. I need the approximation to be valid at least between -20...+40 degrees Celsius. I read the accepted ...
3 votes
0 answers
316 views

How to calculate mean annual maximum temperatures from monthly temperature values?

Apologies, this is a simple question. But I just want to make sure I am calculating the mean, annual maximum temperatures correctly. I have monthly temperature data from 1980 - 2019. In order to get ...
7 votes
2 answers
1k views

Is there a recent global gridded temperature dataset with 0.1 deg resolution?

I've been searching for a 2017 or 2018 or 2019 (or any combo) gridded dataset for surface temperature for the globe with a 0.1 degree resolution. Unfortunately even after hours of searching, for this ...

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