Questions tagged [temperature]
An objective measure of hot and cold, typically measured by a thermometer.
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Definition of Surface-based atmospheric duct
I am writing a literature review for a project and I have a problem. Namely, I cannot figure out the the condition required for surface-based duct to occur. Literature does not help either. In one of ...
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What is the most optimal latitude on Earth for the generation of extreme maximum temperatures?
First question on this StackExchange, so here goes...
Overall, reaching high temperatures is dependent on 2 factors:
The (maximum) solar angle in the day. The greater the solar angle, the more ...
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Temperature of the earth [closed]
What are the main factors that contribute to the temperature fluctuations/cycles of a location? Is the earth's temperature cycle dictated mainly by the temperature cycle of the ocean? How does the ...
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How much energy does the Moon transfer to the Earth, does this affect the Earth's surface temperature?
I'm wondering by how much the gravitation effects, tides etc caused by the moon (and other energy such as moonlight IR) increase the surface temperature of the Earth.
So how much warmer than the ...
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What was the lowest temperature ever recorded on the surface of Earth?
This article Lowest recorded temperatures lists a -89 Degrees Celsius in Vostok, Antartica as the lowest recorded temperature. However, this other article List of weather records lists a −93.2 °C (−...
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How does total pressure affect relative humidity and how do I correct my hygrometer for pressure?
Obviously pressurized air can hold more water than regular air, so an increase in overall pressure would result in an inversely proportional decrease in relative humidity. However, I can't seem to ...
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What's the largest known range of natural temperature variations of human inhabited Earth across history?
I was reading about the ice age when temperature dropped 11 celsius degrees in relation with our current temperature. Then I found another article which says the temperature fluctuated 15 degree ...
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How much increase in the atmospheric pressure when the global temperature is elevated by 12 C?
The deep-sea temperature was $12º$C higher $50$ My ago.
I would like to know how much the atmospheric pressure at sea level had decreased and how much the water-vapour changed.
One can consider no ...
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How much increase in the atmospheric pressure when the global temperature is elevated by 10 C?
In this paper Temperature-dependent hypoxia explains biogeography and severity of end-Permian marine mass extinction is established a link between an increase of the global temperature by $10^\circ ...
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What are the hottest temperatures ocean life can survive at [closed]
What are the hottest average annual temperature for life in the ocean to withstand? Particularly algae
This could include life from all points in earth history.
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Temperature Advection using finite differences with gridded data
Advection of a scalar quantity, such as temperature (T), by the horizontal wind, is defined as follows:
$-\textbf{U}\cdot\nabla T$
where $\textbf{U}$ is the horizontal wind vector, $\textbf{U}=(u,v)$...
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By how much did the Earth's diameter decrease due to cooling, if at all, since it was formed?
The answer to How long until Earth's core solidifies? question cites an estimation that the Earth (as a planet, not the surface of it) has cooled down by about 250K since it was formed.
The question ...
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How temperature anomaly are measured
Temperature Anomaly is the measure used to show that the earth is warming. The formula for temperature anomaly involves in the subtraction of average temperature measurement over 30 years considered ...
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237 views
Rainbow dynamics?
How would steam refract light compared to fog and how would the rainbow appear? Does the temperature of the water drop or ice crystal effect the rainbow in any way?
I know the size of the water drop ...
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1answer
148 views
Stratosphere height vs. Temperature based on ozone concentration
Why does temperature increase as height increases in the stratosphere (15 km - 60 km above earth), when the ozone molecules are most concentrated at about 25 km?
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Is there an approximate rate for water temperature by depth that could be modeled simply?
I know that there are a couple of questions covering latitude and longitude for water temperature, but overall I'm more interested in the rate of temperature change by depth.
Thought Process: ...
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2answers
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Can minimum relative humidity be greater than maximum relative humidity?
I am trying to calculate minimum and maximum daily Relative Humidity values given a min/max Specific Humidity and min/max Temperature.
I found some equations here that work with the given variables, ...
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How much could Earth's temperature increase by the time we run out of oil reserves?
According to this article How long will world's oil reserves last?:
At the current rate of extraction oil reserves will last 53 years.
And according to this another article, Global temperature - ...
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Did temperature for the US state of Illinois reach an all-time record low 1/31/2019?
The State Climatologist Office for Illinois says the all time low temperature of Illinois was -36 °F, with a report of -37 °F in 2009 being disqualified.
This morning, the station Sinnissippi ...
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Does the US National Weather Service use Celsius or Fahrenheit?
This tweet from the National Weather Service in LaCrosse, Wisconsin, USA says:
We have officially hit -30 here at the NWS La Crosse office as of 520 a.m. The wind chill is -54. Be sure to dress ...
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1answer
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Do daily operations (max, min etc) on climate model data reference different periods because of UTC?
If I calculate daily accumulated precipitation or daily maximum temperature from global climate data, will I be getting statistics over different local times, because the operation uses the climate ...
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What kind of temperature unit is “cK”?
An article about ocean temperature history/modeling has this plot:
Where the units are given as cK.
cK does not seem to be a ...
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What was the highest temperature ever recorded on the surface of Earth?
The article entitled "54 Celsius degrees in Iran, the highest temperature ever recorded?" says 56,6 Celsius may be the highest temperature ever recorded, in Death Valley, California, and it also ...
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How to predict when contrails are likely to form over a specific location using public data?
I saw the image below used as a click-attractor to an unrelated story about tourism, but found a larger version here.
Contrails, or water condensation trails happen when planes pass through the ...
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How is the distribution of Argo floats managed over the Earth's oceans?
The BBC News article Climate change: Oceans 'soaking up more heat than estimated' mentions Argo floats as one technology to measure the temperature of the oceans, and links to argo.ucsd.edu where ...
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Given a 3 box model of the atmosphere,determine fraction of mass transport from lower layer
P = 300mb, Pot. Equiv. Temp = 375K
P = 600mb, Pot. Equiv. Temp = 325K
P = 900mb, Pot. Equiv. Temp = 350K
(surface)
Given that a deep convective plume sends a portion of the bottom layer to the ...
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Given only pressure and potential equivalent temperature, can I determine other variables?
I am given a 3 box model of atmosphere where each layer is 300 mbar thick, and the potential equivalent temperature of each is given (from bottom to top - 350K, 325K, 375K). Am I able to determine ...
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When it is said that air moves from warm object to a cold object, how is it possible that air moves from high pressure area to low pressure area?
By air moving from high pressure area to low pressure area means that it's moving from colder area to a warmer area, are they both not contradictory? I might have understood something in a wrong way, ...
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1answer
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How to classify the ENSO phase of a year?
I am using the ONI index to classify the years of high rainfall seasons (December–February) as El Niño, Neutral or La Niña. El Niño year is classified as one if the ONI index value is +0.5 °C for 5 ...
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Does the global temperature vary daily (hotter and colder days)?
Earth's current average global temperature (i.e. including hot deserts and cold polar caps) is reported be somewhere between 14°C and 16°C (depending on sources and methods).
This temperature varies ...
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Could further oil drilling remove an insulation layer of the Earth cores heat? [duplicate]
Putting aside burning fossil fuels, what are the consequences of another 100 years of drilling deeper and deeper to extract oil reserves globally?
Would this significant extraction remove an ...
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What if we detonated the entire worlds nuclear supply in the center of the earth? [closed]
What would the effects of detonating every single nuclear bomb currently in existence at once in the center of the earth? Would the earth simply explode into bits? Would the heat have some sort of ...
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1answer
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Where on Earth has the least changing temperature? [closed]
Is there a map that shows places where the temperature changes the least season to season? Is there a place on Earth where the temperature is the most constant in a comfortable range?
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Debunking weather conspiracy with statistics - why does temperature rise then fall for last weekend in June in recent years
I have a conspiracy-prone friend who believes that people are controlling the weather to ensure good weather for a large, annual festival (last weekend in June in San Francisco). As a scientist, (not ...
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What method would be used to estimate a wind-chill temperature in U.S. 1969?
This question is inspired by the book Minus 148 Degrees, which is a true story about a group of mountaineers that got stuck at a high elevation on Denali during a storm and survived 6 days in what is ...
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1answer
191 views
How closely related is surface air temperature to pressure?
Obviously with a given mass and volume of air, pressure is directly proportional to temperature. However, I would expect the total mass of air within a column of atmosphere to vary over time, due to ...
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Creating regular grid for my data? [closed]
I have daily spatiotemporal data with covariates at 10 different locations. My question is is it possible to convert my data into a grid format?
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Formula for rising temperatures
I'm looking to extrapolate rising temperatures based on the increasing CO2 levels. From this article: CO2 in 2050, with the following formula used to extrapolate the CO2 levels:
$CO_2\ level = 280 \...
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Does the extension of the absorption line of $\text{CO}_2$ with temperature play a role in the climate change?
I've read not long ago that the absorption line of the $\text{CO}_2$ becomes larger with temperature thanks to Doppler effect (if it's false it would be great to tell me). My question is the following:...
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monthly temperatue by state
I am trying to find out monthly average temperature and average rainfall for states of USA from 2015 to 2017. To my surprise I am not able to find it anywhere. Please help.
I could find this link - ...
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Airports with longest continuous temperature records
Does anyone have a resource on what airports (or other recording stations) have been recording temperature continuously (daily) for quite a while?
I remember reading that some back to the 1910s/1920s,...
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How Hot was the Oligocene?
When studying the paleoenvironment of the Oligocene epoch, a period in Earth's history spanning from 34 to 23 million years ago, I had a really hard time understanding what the climate was like in ...
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Global Land and Sea Surface Temperature Data
We are a spin-off from TU Munich and currently working on equipping a
CubeSat with a thermal imager.
The imager should be able to acquire thermal/ir images with resolution of about 200m/px. In the ...
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Is there a formula that gives the temperature of an object or person exposed to the sun?
It is well known that temperature sensors are often shaded, partially to mitigate the variability due to varying cloud cover. However, most people experience temperature within the sunlight. Other ...
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Are we now and/or have we been in the RCP8.5 scenario?
Is it generally understood that we (globally) have been living in an RCP8.5 scenario over the past 7-8 years?
Such that a predictive climate model using RCP8.5 assumptions that was run circa 2011 can ...
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2answers
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Is there less precipitation (rain/snow) in cold weather than in warm weather?
To me it seems that there is a lot less precipitation when temperatures go below -5°C (23°F).
Is there any evidence for that? Could this be a local phenomenon (I live in Germany)? What could be the ...
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How would I use data to find specific humidity and mixing ratio?
I keep reviewing this table to compare and contrast my results:
The parcel of air is at 35°C and a relative humidity of 43%.
I used this online calculator and it stated that with these two factors ...
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Where did the daily temperature variation go?
Currently central and northern Europe are experiencing a very cold, false-spring like weather phenomenon.
When i look at local weather charts, the daily temperature cycle seems to be completely gone, ...
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How much warming there was over time for a specific month?
I'm calculating warming trends in specific places and periods of time, that are related to the time a migratory bird spends in a stopover. But using different methods I got different results and I'm ...
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In the past, why did the levels of individual greenhouse gases rise and fall at the same time?
According to ice core samples from Vostok in Antarctica, methane and carbon dioxide levels seem to have risen and fallen at around the same time over a 450 thousand year period.
I was unable to find ...
