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Questions tagged [terminology]

Terminology is the study of terms and their use. Terms are words and compound words that in specific contexts are given specific meanings, meanings that may deviate from the meaning the same words have in other contexts and in everyday language.

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Is there an alternative model of the Earth's atmosphere?

I am not a scientist but you scientists know well that in science there could be different models or methods associated with a given term: Alternative mathematical notations. Alternative number ...
not_a_scientist's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
2k views

Are there planetary scientists who suggest that the term "exosphere" does more harm than good?

I get the impression that the term exosphere only complicates the already complex discourse around how to define the layers of earth's atmosphere (and atmospheres in general), and more so, the work of ...
not_a_scientist's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
191 views

Is there a term for part of a country separated from the rest in general

I mean a part of a country that can't be reach from the rest without leaving the country or it's territorial water. I don't know if exclave really covers what I'm thinking of. For example would the ...
skyking's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
141 views

Source of an adage about geologists and their various interpreatations of outcrops

I once heard (read? I can't remember) an adage which stated something like this (my recall): Show an outcrop to X geologists, you'll end up with X different interpretations about its formation. (I ...
Jean-Marie Prival's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
167 views

Oxbow lake, but not completely cut off from the river

When a meander of a river is completely cut off from the river, yet still contains water, it is called an oxbow lake. What if the meander is cut off only at the "exit", but the "...
jb_314's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
30 views

Naming dimensions of a chunk of earth [closed]

Norway would fit in a bounding box of 500x1600x3 km, where 500 km is east-west, 1600 is north-south, and 3 km is up-down. What do you call these dimensions? When speaking about furniture, you use ...
user877329's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
55 views

Why is the ρστ absorption band called the ρστ absorption band?

Differential absorption in the near-infrared is used to retrieve total column water vapour from MODIS (Gao and Kaufman, 2003), OLCI (Preusker et al., 2021), and others. The idea is that reflected ...
gerrit's user avatar
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2 votes
0 answers
25 views

Why the reversed-order terminology for paleocene/eocene and eoarchean/paleoarchean?

I just learned that the eoarchean era comes right before the paleoarchean era, whereas the paleocene epoch comes right before the eocene epoch. This is quite confusing. Is there any sense behind this (...
WillG's user avatar
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2 votes
0 answers
48 views

Water rushing out to meet wave term

Is there a word for the phenomenon of water seeming to rush out to meet an oncoming wave? Perhaps it's more of a physics terminology question?
JB0x2D1's user avatar
  • 121
7 votes
1 answer
501 views

"Archaeozoic" vs "Archean"

This is more of a terminological question, but I think it fits here. I've been reading a book by Rachel Carson, from the early 50s, and she uses the phrase "Archaeozic period". I haven't ...
T.S's user avatar
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4 votes
2 answers
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What is the right term to describe the observation that your true bearing changes if you move in a non-cardinal direction on a globe?

I just came across a question on skeptics.SE that asked whether it is possible to sail a boat from the coast of Pakistan to the east coast of Russia in an uninterrupted straight line. A quick glance ...
Schmuddi's user avatar
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4 votes
0 answers
176 views

Blueberries, cauliflower, chert, concretions, accretions and diagenetic crystal clusters on Mars, can you help me sort these all out?

Curiosity has actually seen these types of features before, which are called diagenetic crystal clusters. Diagenetic means the recombination or rearrangement of minerals, and these features consist of ...
uhoh's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
40 views

What characteristics are considered when distinguishing a place based on physiographic provinces?

Wikipedia describes a concept called "physiographic provinces". If I understand right, geologists simply created lines on a map, to create clusters of places that are geologically similar. ...
Village's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
61 views

Gases descending from atmospheres

Earth’s lower atmosphere is rising due to climate change Temperature is the driving force behind this change, says Jane Liu, an environmental scientist at the University of Toronto. The troposphere ...
Behemooth's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
54 views

"Down wash" as a source for mineral particles in the soil

In a previous IGCSE examination paper$^1$, the following question was asked and answer provided: State one source of mineral particles in soil. Marking Scheme: Accept any one of: rock; down wash; ...
Shane's user avatar
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4 votes
1 answer
2k views

Are terms like "Extremely Torrential Rain" (>500 mm/24 hours) universal in meteorology?

Meteorological phenomenon can span large ranges in size and strength and categorizations exist based on thresholds, One example is the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) (see also NOAA) ...
uhoh's user avatar
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1 vote
2 answers
118 views

What term to geologists use to refer to several rivers constrained to a particular area?

I am studying some maps of prehistoric cultures in North America, noting the relationship between their villages and the rivers they are near. I notice each civilization seems grouped around rivers ...
Village's user avatar
  • 261
5 votes
1 answer
194 views

To Determine the Geographic center of a continent, is balance point the accepted method and is equivalent to finding the centroid?

This is not exactly a pure Earth Science question but I'm not sure GIS SE is a suitable place either. "The Google" suggested I watch CBS Sunday Morning's The debate over the geographical ...
uhoh's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
822 views

Why are there so many "horseshoe lakes", and are they really mostly in the US?

The Wikipedia disambiguation page Horseshoe lake lists 31 of them, of which 27 are in the US. Question: Why are there so many "horseshoe lakes"? Are they usually horseshoe-shaped, (or full ...
uhoh's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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Understanding certain phrases in the article "Footwall topographic development during continental extension"

I am currently attempting to read the article "Footwall topographic development during continental extension". The article and its abstract can be found here. When reading the abstract, I ...
user2552936's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
782 views

What does the term "topology" mean in geology?

What does the term "topology" mean in geological sciences? Is there an agreed upon distinction between the two terms "topography" and "topology"? When trying to answer ...
user2552936's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
305 views

Is there really precipitation on Mars? Does frost count?

The NASA Goddard science education page answer to Reading about Mars, I noticed that it has .03% of water vapor in it's atmosphere, and my question was if it has water vapor why doesn't it have ...
uhoh's user avatar
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5 votes
4 answers
187 views

Sources or strategies for stone identification

I have a bunch of semi-precious stones here, but I am not very learned in geology etc and I would like to have some way to know what kind of stones they are. As far as I understand question about ...
Ergative Man's user avatar
7 votes
2 answers
243 views

Hydro-meteorological hazards vs climate extremes

I always saw the definitions of "hydro-meteorological hazards" and "climate extremes" as almost interchangeable in the climate change and natural hazards literature. The other day I was discussing ...
Nemesi's user avatar
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3 votes
4 answers
3k views

Why is mass fraction always abbreviated wt% and not ma%?

In most geology papers, major elements chemical analyses are expressed as mass fraction of oxides, i.e. SiO$_2$ 64.2 wt%, K$_2$O 4.3 wt%, etc. The mass fraction unit is always abbreviated as "wt%". ...
Jean-Marie Prival's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
111 views

What is the meaning of the subscript in the abbreviations of some minerals?

I have noticed that in many articles on minerals that I have read the abbreviation of some mineral has a numerical subscript, for example, occurs with the forsterite (Fo95-90, Fo92-84, Fo94, etc.). ...
URIZEN's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
64 views

Is there a name for a "moving meridian" corresponding to particular solar time?

Imagine a meridian that moves over the Earth's surface such that it remains at the longitude that corresponds to a particular solar time (e.g. midday). This meridian would remain stationary relative ...
Museful's user avatar
  • 113
3 votes
2 answers
664 views

What is it called for the part of a hill where it discontinuously gets steeper?

What is it called for the part of a hill where it discontinuously gets steeper? If you climbing an easy slope and encounter a new steeper slope (such as formed by a rocky hill and accompanying soil ...
Alice Monday's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
1k views

Which particles are classified as PM2.5? How exactly is this defined?

Question When discussing "PM2.5", is there any standardized understanding of which particles are or are not included? Is it everything that's 2.5 microns and smaller? Or Everything between 2....
uhoh's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
142 views

Is "Chasm One" the really the name of this feature on the Brunt Ice Shelf?

The BBC News article Antarctic: No role for climate in Halley iceberg splitting says: With no-one on the ice surface, notice of any breakaway will have to come from automated in-situ ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 6,904
2 votes
1 answer
93 views

Is there the right term for time points in hourly weather forecast?

Each hourly weather forecast has two columns with date and time. The first column: forecast creation date and time (the column (1) in a table below). The second column: forecast hour (the column (2) ...
Ilirium's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
703 views

What is an isolated land area of one type of rock surrounded by land of a differing rock type called?

For example, if there were a large land area with exposed basalt, in the middle of which is a smaller isolated patch of Granite, what is that isolated patch called? I came across the single-word ...
rasher's user avatar
  • 111
4 votes
2 answers
128 views

Subrelluric forces in a volcanic eruption

I am listening to a song about volcanoes. It is called "Pyroclastic Annihilation" performed by a brutal deth/thrash metal band called "Demolition Hammer". It is from their album "Epidemic of Violence" ...
lightning_missile's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
644 views

How does palingenetic fusion occur in rock?

As far as charnockites are concerned, granitic charnockites are formed due to palingenetic fusion and metasomatism, while granulitic charnockites are formed due to high grade metamorphism. When I ...
MAHESH RAM's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
32 views

Is there a formally-defined converse of a Prominence Walk?

My question was inspired by this one - in particular, the subtopic of pumping water from the ocean to the below-sea-level basins to deal with rising sea levels (spoiler: it's horribly infeasible and ...
pr1268's user avatar
  • 327
1 vote
0 answers
1k views

Longest land path on Afro-Eurasia

Regarding Afro-Eurasia as single continent, I tried to draw longest geodesic line within it and got which is 16628 km (10 332 miles) length. Looks like this line is rather stable and lasts from ...
Dims's user avatar
  • 111
2 votes
1 answer
71 views

Are there other divisions of Earth following beyond hemispheres? [closed]

I know it's a silly question, but it really bothers me since the word hemisphere derives from Greek ημί- (i.e. hemi-) which cannot be further expanded, while the English equivalent semi- can be ...
Commissar Vasili Karlovic's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
158 views

What is this upside-down transparent funnel-shaped item on a weather monitoring station?

I snapped this photo with my cell phone at a fishing harbor in northern Taiwan. I recognize a weather vane + anemometer, and I suspect the two large, dark things at the tops of poles might be ...
uhoh's user avatar
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4 votes
2 answers
932 views

Is the atmosphere a part of Earth?

My question is quite simple, but I can't seem to find any answer to it: how do we define the limit of the object "Earth"? More specifically, can we consider the atmosphere a part of it? Or even the ...
M.Connor's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
222 views

Confused about whether physical impact is 'erosion'

When I dropped a stone or a crystal onto the floor, can it be considered as erosion? What is the difference between rocks breaking due to natural disturbances vs human action? Here is the stone/...
lightning_missile's user avatar
9 votes
5 answers
904 views

Correct phrase for a 'forgetful' natural system?

This is a rather general question: assume I have a system that has a certain 'forgetful' property, which means that while I can offset its current state for a moment, it will eventually return to its ...
C.Miller's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
10k views

What are the differences between alluvial, eluvial and colluvial deposits? [duplicate]

There's always confusion and disagreement when these terms are mentioned. Need to be sure of their exact meanings.
Gbenga Igbekele's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
4k views

What separates the Karakoram Range, the Hindu Kush, and the Himalayan Range?

In Google Maps, I don't see any boundary between the Karakoram (a.k.a. Karakorum) Range, the Hindu Kush, and the Himalayan Range. What separates these ranges?
Porcupine's user avatar
  • 637
5 votes
2 answers
850 views

What is Oligo-Miocene radiation?

Some studies about Earth's fosilized plants/animals mention a "Oligo-Miocene radiation". Examples: Our study therefore strengthens previous suggestions that the absence of very large penguins ...
Neel's user avatar
  • 314
4 votes
1 answer
190 views

Growth of polar vortices vs projective geometry; what does this figure mean?

I was reading the Wikipedia article about a mathematical subject called projective geometry, and I noticed that the second image in the body of the article referred to the "growth of polar vortices". ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 6,904
2 votes
2 answers
329 views

What is it called when water forms to look like a root structure? [closed]

I've tried looking it up on google but I can't find anything. I'm talking about when a small amount of water forms to look like a root hair structure, thin and branching out.
NightHawk's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
85 views

Should Imilac (meteorite) be singular or plural?

I first saw the term "Imilac meteorite" in this BBC News article. It shows a photograph of a meteorite on display along with the caption: The Imilac meteorite was found in the Atacama ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 6,904
6 votes
1 answer
5k views

How did the terms "acidic" and "basic" come to be associated with $SiO_2$ in igneous rocks?

Students of geology are introduced to in their petrology course, (or used to be), to the terms "acidic", "basic", and the associated term "intermediate" in relation to %$SiО­­­_{2}$ in igneous rocks, ...
My Other Head's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
276 views

"Impression and pseudomorphism" in fossils

In a book on invertebrate paleontology I have (Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, A) there is a diagram showing possible fates of a shell after the death of the organism. One of the possible ...
fdgsdg's user avatar
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4 votes
1 answer
57 views

MS in Geosciences With Concentration in Environmental Geosciences Degree Outlook

I am considering a MS in Geoscience but am curious with the naming conventions associated within the fields of geology. Is Geoscience similar, or interchangeable with geology? Yes, I would be new to ...
PBro's user avatar
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