Questions tagged [wind]
The flow of air with respect to the ground. On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air.
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For glacier winds to exist, are circulation cells needed?
When air close to a glacier surface gets cooled, it becomes heavier and flows down the glacier slope as glacier winds. I am a glaciologist trying to study and model glacier winds. I am confused about ...
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Where can I find high resolution sea surface wind data?
I have been looking for high temporal and spatial resolution surface wind data.
I want to use it for competitive sailing simulation, so the temporal resolution should be less than 10 s, the special ...
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What can be determined about wind conditions by examining ripples on a body of water?
I am interested in the fractal patterns of ripples and waves, especially on relatively calm bodies of water. Are there empirical or theoretical descriptions of wave speed based on frequency ...
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Wind speed vs attitude model
I am looking to model wind speed with altitude in real time. I am currently using a GFS model:
https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/dods/gfs_0p25_1hr/gfs20240616/gfs_0p25_1hr_00z.info
I am curious as to what ...
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How do lee waves form?
I know that they are caused (usually) by winds flowing up an orographic lift, but why does the up-and-down motion continue after surpassing the mountain?
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Oxygen concentrations in the air and absorption rates at sea, even under windy conditions
If I measure the amount of oxygen in the air at sea, is it the same as if I measure it on land?
What if there is wind?
Does oxygen concentration, change, in the middle of wind?
What about the ability ...
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Providing wind direction with wrf-python package
I understand that wrf.getvar will give both the speed (dim 0) and the direction (dim 1)
V1 = wrf.getvar(ncdin, "uvmet10_wspd_wdir", units="m s-1",timeidx=wrf.ALL_TIMES,meta=False)[...
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Wind direction statistics
I evaluate the performance of the model through the computation of statistical parameter such as bias, R, IOA and other. (i compare it with in situ measurements)
However, wind direction (range 0 to ...
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Can frictional force be un-aligned with wind direction?
There is a well known solution to Navier-Stokes equations for atmospheric boundary layer according to Ekman (see for instance PalArya's book "Introduction to Micrometeorology" or Holton's &...
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Why aren't dust devils extremely unstable?
Based on my intuition, I would expect a dust devil to rapidly entrain slow-moving air and stop spinning.
My logic goes something like this:
The dust devil is made of air that is warmer than the ...
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How do bull’s eye squalls occur?
The only things I could find on the internet were that they had vortices and are marked by an isolated cloud, for example, in the American Met. Soc. glossary: https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Bull%...
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What are the current theories on the formation of satellite tornados
I have already searched the web for information on the formation of satellite tornadoes but all the sites say the mechanism is unknown.
What are the current leading theories for their formation?
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How does the caprock of aeolian landforms such as mesas, buttes and hoodoos protect the underlying soft rock?
Why do we see a bipartite cliff,i.e., a vertical top portion and a slanted bottom portion at the edge of a mesa or butte? I came to know from the internet that the top portion is the hard caprock And ...
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Is this the correct way to extract U and V wind components from NEXRAD weather radar?
I am working with NEXRAD radar data, and I am trying to plot the U and V wind velocity for each point on a grid. There is a channel in the data called "Velocity" described as "A measure ...
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Wind patterns on a tidally locked planet (one side always faces the sun)
I'm moving this question from Worldbuilding StackExchange (Link). I know it's not strictly about Earth, but I'm hoping it will still be accepted here since it's related to meteorology. Here we go:
My ...
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How to change the whitecapping coefficient Cds in Delft-Wave
I have worked about the wave calibration in these days, and I met a problem that the significant wave height from Delft-WAVE is much lower than the observation data. I have searched for ways from the ...
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Three cell model of prevailing winds
I understand the Coriolis Effect, but how does that make the rising air cool 1/3 of the way to the poles, as opposed to non rotating Earth?
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Interpolating Wind Speed
If I have wind speeds at 80m and 120m above the surface and I am interested in approximating the speed at 100m, is it valid to just average the 80 and 120 speeds? In other words, should I expect wind ...
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How to use CMIP6 to predict windspeed in the future?
I'm very new to climate modelling and forecasting, I have chosen a project to forecast wind energy output in the future using wind speed prediction, I wish to use CMIP6 to predict. But I have very ...
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Visualization of formation of cirrus vertebratus?
I am trying to understand how Cirrus Vertebratus are formed.
My book and many web pages simply say "waves orthogonally to the initial cloud formation direction, in fitting conditions, forming ...
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Wind wall of depression
It's a wind map from the ICON (13km grid) model of the Atlantique ocean of this 7 July 2023. I get that there's two depression near each other interacting but how there's only a very thin line as the ...
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Is there a relationship between wind direction and the bearing of travel?
We want to move from point A to point B using a balloon.
If one knows the wind directions, How can one determine the altitude that will steer the Balloon to the desired location?
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Historic weather station data with hourly temporal resolution
I'm working with ERA5 weather data and am trying to understand some wind & temperature patterns that I'm seeing in my statistics. In order to do that I'd like to compare with some point ...
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Confusion with thermal wind mechanism
In meteorology, we know that cold air mass sinks while warm air mass rises due to density difference, resulting in higher pressure in cold air mass. This leads to a horizontal pressure gradient from ...
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From where can I download NCEP Vertical wind?
I want to download Vertical Velocity (Pa/sec) data either in era interim or NCAR data from a website. Please I need the link.
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How is Wind oriented in a Jet Streak?
Recently I found this tutorial video about Jet streaks (want to mention I'm only in second term so my knowledge is not advanced yet). Originally I was looking for the topic because of a particular ...
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Why does air moving from Equator to Poles deflect to right in Northern Hemisphere due to Coriolis Force?
apologies if this is the wrong place to post this question in, but I am having a really hard time grasping Coriolis Effect.
My current understanding is that -
Let's say there's a point midway from ...
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Is there an open high frequency (1-0.2 Hz) wind measurement dataset from a marine station?
I want to conduct a statistical analysis of high-frequency wind measurements. This analysis aims to define relevant parameters for competitive coastal sailboat racing so the sampling frequency should ...
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Geostrophic wind vs surface wind
According to Buys Ballot's law:
When you stand with your back to the wind in the Northern Hemisphere,
low pressure is always to your left. (In the Southern Hemisphere,
low-pressure systems will be on ...
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Beaufort wind force measure
Beaufort scale relates wind speed and wave height of the ocean surface. Does the wave height in the scale refer to significant wave height or mean wave height?
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How can speed of geostrophic wind change when forces are always perpendicular to speed?
Equation for acceleration of an air parcel is
$$D \vec U/Dt = -2 \vec \omega \times \vec U -\frac{1}{\rho} \vec \nabla p + \vec g$$
Now, for geostrophic wind, U is parallel to the contour lines of ...
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Wind animation from satellite
I have been fascinated with the wind animation that I have seen on sites like Zoom earth. What is the "thickness" of the air stream that the animation represents. How far from the surface is ...
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Mathematically speaking, why can we use Fourier Transform when studying wind? [closed]
As far as I understand, wind is stochastic on small scale. Then wouldn't that mean, since the function is not Riemann integrable, Fourier Transform cannot be used? What is the reason that climate ...
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Why south of Japan has a zone with winds facing each other?
This is an image of the wind in est Asia, south of Japan.
How do you explain this zone I circled in pink, where winds from north and south face each other? Thanks
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ERA5 Data - How is a wind gust defined?
I'm working with wind data, that I buy from a company, which delivers basically reformatted ERA5 weather data from ECMWF (https://www.ecmwf.int/). Their historic wind data includes "Wind gusts (...
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In geostrophic wind, what is the mechanism behind the tendency of the coriolis effect/force and the pressure gradient force to balance each other out?
I understand that it is possible for the coriolis effect and the pressure gradient force (PGF) to cancel each other out, but it appears to be a tendency (rather than just a possibility). What is the ...
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Altitudinal gradient in air density at poles
In the descriptions of polar cells, it is usually described as cold and dense air sinks at poles. But I don't understand why air at high altitude is denser than low altitude at poles.
The polar cells ...
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Are there any types of winds or waves that are produced just by Earth's rotation?
Are there any types of wind or waves caused and produced only and exclusively by Earth's rotation? Not influenced by Earth rotation, but produced solely by it?
In the case of waves, are Rossby waves 1 ...
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What is a wind chill formula that will work from -10 C to +50 C and uses wind speed in km/h?
I'm looking for a wind chill formula that will work from -10 °C to +50 °C and uses wind speed in km/h so that I can use this formula to add this element to a weather station I am programming. I don't ...
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What is the wind power potential of the Falkland islands?
The Falkland Islands have an extensive territory, they are sparsely populated and they are on the path of the southern winds, which blow almost constantly.The wind power potential should be enormous.
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Is wind commonly formally defined as some combination of breezes, weather fronts, and climate?
In a book I read, I believe the author defined wind as the sum of breezes, weather, and climate.
breezes: hyper-local disturbances, due to topology or uneven heating of surfaces
weather: the movement ...
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How important is water condensation in maintaining the swirling winds of tornadoes?
If we somehow removed all the water from Earth, it seems that there would no longer
be tornado-like 100+ mph winds (or, at least, this would be a much rarer occurrence).
Discussing storm creation, ...
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How to find the altitude above mean sea level of the wind in forecast data such as GFS
I'm looking to retrieve from weather forecasts (such as GFS or HRRR) the U and V component of the wind with respect to some altitude (meters) above mean sea level.
To do so, I've implement a ...
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What makes sand dunes shaped asymmetrically?
I have been working on a simulation to approximate the formation process of dunes. I understand that their formation is a result of saltation and aeolian processes, but I don't understand the exact ...
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Do warm-season Foehn winds occur in the Pacific Northwest?
Over the last 30 years, Foehn winds have led to wildfires affecting densely populated areas of the California coast. They're called Diablo winds in the north, and Santa Ana winds in the south.
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Why does warmer maritime air create low pressure systems while continental land masses create high pressure systems?
From Hurth's book, The Lost Art of Finding Our Way
, there is a section on Air Mass and Fronts (page 267)
On average, since cold air is denser than warm air, the northern stretches of continental ...
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Does sea breeze stop?
Is there ever a state of thermal equilibrium between land and sea? What is the condition of the Land/Sea breeze at that time?
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Weather station data
I am currently setting up a wind-wave model for which I need to input the wind forcing for the whole domain.
I have obtained the wind speed and direction from two sources: CFSv2 and ERA5. ...
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What causes these periodic high-pressure blobs along the west coast of South America?
I was looking through the Weatherbug atmospheric pressure map around 8:30 am ET on Oct 26 2021, and noticed this chain of small high pressure blobs along the west coast of South America. It was also ...
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How to statistically downscale wind speeds?
Background
I am trying to estimate wind speeds at a proposed wind farm site using the method described in this paper: Modeling of Ethiopian Wind Power Production Using ERA5 Reanalysis Data. The ...
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