All Questions

Wikipedia's Seismic wave includes the plot below of the speed of S and P waves as a function of depth in the Earth. In the region of the outer core the speed of S-waves or shear waves is shown to be ...

There is much known about Earth's core from painstaking analysis of seismic data, and from detailed magnetic field maps and trends over time. Are there any other measurements that have contributed to ...

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is concerned about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quantity and quality of weather observations and forecasts, as well as atmospheric and climate ...

I have been meaning to download the daily mean of ERA 5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus Climate Data Store, but couldn't find it. I need the data on pressure levels and currently I am ...

Euler's "fixed point" theorem ... can be stated as: The most general displacement of a rigid body over the surface of a sphere can be regarded as a rotation about a suitable axis which passes ...

I have a 2d xarray dataset and I am having several nan values in the dataset. These nan values need to be filled with the nearest non-nan values in the 2d array. How do I do this? I am trying to ...

In Talley et al.'s Descriptive Physical Oceanography, figure S7.4, it seems that vertical Eddy diffusivity increases with depth between 0 and 30 degrees latitude. Why is this? I thought that ...

The NCEP website describes the file naming format of the GFS forecast data. https://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/products/gfs/ What does "forecast hour of product" mean?

What is sub-tropical wet climate, semi-arid climate and semi-tropical continental climate. I encountered this while reading climate of my state Haryana. (I have no background in enviromental science)

I need to plot bathymetry map of my study region and need to convert the .srtm to .xyz or .grd format to use GMT. I tried to do this with grdraster and xyz2grd, but got wrong results. I found that ...

During the Carboniferous, vast deposits of coal (or peat at that time) were created because – as far as I understand – decomposition of wood (white rot?) was not yet "invented" at that time. The ...

I have lot of millipede in my farm. I looked at Wikipedia and Backyard Buddies, but not very sure if they are harmful to the plants. Wikipedia says they could be possible agriculture pests. I have ...

The Earth's inner core is solid because despite the enormous temperature in this region, there is also enormous pressure there, which in turn raises the melting point of iron and nickel to a value ...

I'm trying to create figures in MatLab and am a reasonably new user, I'm wondering if there is a good way to make plots that use a common x-axis and then vertically stacked and alternating y-axes as ...

new student of Oceanography here! I'm studying Earth Science right now, and I found conflicting reporting re: the formation of the Grand Canyon; whether it was formed singularly by the Colorado ...

Below are two cropped screenshots from the super-cool video Draining Earth's oceans, revealing the two-thirds of Earth's surface we don't get to see with the oceans "drained" to 4000 and 5000 meters ...

In chapter 13.1 in 'Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes' (Markowski and Richardson,2011) they use a Bernoulli equation and the hydrostatic equation and a lot of assumptions to derive an equation ...

Earth has experienced a tremendous wave of space weather in recent years; mostly destroying wet and icy regions such as reefs and polar caps. Such activity is conducive of creating a toxic ...

If a rock is tapered, does the tapered point indicate the glacier direction?

I am working my way through this paper: http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2017/8707234.pdf Equations 10 and 11 require the ice water content. I can't find it in the GFS grib2 file ...

I have a hydrodynamic model to simulate flash floods. This model expects roughness data in the Strickler coefficient format (kst) in the unit m1/3 per second. I got a table with roughness values I'm ...

I'm building a garden calendar app that uses the average temperature for each month to create a calendar. Are there websites that allow me to easily download this data in json format?

I'm no expert and barely have any idea about this. But I want to know if the methods in calculating the Local Magnitude can only be done manually? I mean manually by first reading a seismograph, ...

I'm new to hydrology and I have a question regarding the modeling of multiple reservoirs. I need to estimate the total water inflow to multiple reservoirs that will be observed tomorrow, conditional ...

I usually read that Iberia is a subplate, while India is a plate. But it was a plate at the beginning of the Alpine Orogeny: Source: wikimedia.org Description: Tectonic map of southern ...

I have a number of datasets that describe geological properties as intervals down a borehole (e.g. unit codes, sample results) In a database, or a flat ASCII file, I would describe these with a ...

What kind of rock is this? A friend thinks it's garnet with gold on it. The "gold" looks like chalcopyrite to me. I'm not sure what the other rock is. Any idea? This was found on the west coast ...

Browsing around Google Maps, I came across this off the south-west coast of Ireland It looks very consistent with the shape rivers and their tributaries might make, but it has me puzzled since it's ...

Wikipedia's WikiNews' 2005 article Mars Rover’s Basketball-Shaped Discovery Stirs Controversy says: The surface of the meteorite was found to be remarkably free of corrosion. Researchers are as yet ...

Is there a name for the great circle where latitude and longitude are equal? I have attempted a google search but only the equator and the prime meridian are defined in the sources I can find. ( It is ...

I am a staunch believer in the benefit of hand analyzing maps to get a good feel for the state of the atmosphere before getting into my forecast. With Covid-19 keeping us out of the office, one of the ...

I am a beginner of learning Tropical Cyclone. I would like to represent the extratropical transition of a tropical cyclone. But I can't understand on what actually in need to focus. For a tropical ...

To illustrate my problem, let's say I have lattitude and longitude coordinates, such as 38.871105, -77.056042. I want to be able to calculate the new lattitude and longitude if, say, I moved 300m ...

It's thought that, shortly after Earth was done being refurbished resurfaced during the Late Heavy Bombardment, life abio-generated almost as soon as it was able to. The short delay led to speculation ...

The BBC News article The Deepest Hole we have Ever dug says: This is the Kola Superdeep Borehole, the deepest manmade hole on Earth and deepest artificial point on Earth. The 40,230ft-deep (12.2km) ...

Ever since the 3rd grade, I've been troubled by the inability to remember if Latitude runs East/West or runs North/South. I would always stress out BIG TIME during my Geography class. I'm much older ...

One thing that still blows my mind about dinosaurs is the massive timeline. Relevant to this question are the time periods: Triassic Period (252.17 to 201.3 million years ago) Cretaceous Period (145 ...

after the NMO application we have stretch for far offset , i read a lot of articles but i can't have a complete idea how this phenomena is really created ! any one have a rich explanation ?

I've noticed that many places with large populations tend to be prime zones for natural disaster. Examples: Silicon Valley = earthquakes, Houston = hurricanes and floods, Japan = tsunamis and ...

I want to use the evapotranspiration product, which one will be the suitable to show net evapotranspiration on large and arid area? Thanks

The enlightening image below is of a lightning strike slowed down at 10,000 frames per second. It can be seen that the most intense flash produced from the lightening occurs in the direction from ...

My question pops-up from this question "Why does lightning strike from the ground-up" which I consider partially unanswered. Why do I consider it partially unanswered? Because only one answer tried ...

in seismic data processing there is a step of calculating the absorption represented By Q value which is Q factor , how we can estimate it from VSP ! thank you.

The actions taken to contain the corona-virus epidemic is closing any form of human activities in the world. Schools are closed in most cities of the world, people are told to stay at home and it ...

I tried to convert segd format to su format using seismic unix by below command: segdread tape=1.segd > 1.su but I have an error: ...

This may be more of an age-dating question. When a meteorite travels through the Earth's atmosphere, I assume that it gets really hot. Is the temperature of reentry hot enough to effect the ...

I stumbled across a timescale which I am unsure of. What does it mean by intra-daily scale variability? I would also like to know if intra-tidal scale variability is of any use for capturing daily ...

I have a bunch of semi-precious stones here, but I am not very learned in geology etc and I would like to have some way to know what kind of stones they are. As far as I understand question about ...

I read that Morocco/Western Sahara has 75% of the world's known phosphate reserves, but I couldn't find an explanation of what mineral is responsible for it and how it all ended up there

Due to extensive damage to my face because of an accident, I am currently undergoing skin therapy (laser/IPL/medication), that makes my skin extremely sensitive to UV radiation. So I need to stay out ...