# All Questions

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21 views

### Can ionospheric phenomena effect the weather?

I've read about how ionospheric discharges like jets can be initiated/triggered by lightning, and how lightning can propagate upwards from clouds. What I was wondering is if this can happen in ...
60 views

### Can living where magnets are abundant provide a mini-magnetoshere?

Are there a mini-magnetosphere within the magnetosphere similar to mini-magnetosphere found on the Moon? Is there a map of these areas that would resemble the white swirls in the picture below? The ...
32 views

### What is the History of the Brooks Range?

This here is a map of the Brooks Range in northern Alaska: As you can see, it is an inland range shaped in a downward curve. Why is that? What is the history of the uplift of the Brooks Range? How ...
26 views

### How to convert solar radiation into equivalent evaporation

I have come across two (apparently) different equations for this purpose. One is mentioned in BASINS software code here Rad\_len [inday^{-1}] = \frac{SolRad[langleysday^{-1}]}{((597.3 - 0.57 * ...
38 views

### “Obicular” structures in basalts

I found spherical or globular structures, structures in basalts of a greenstone belt which underwent alteration and deformation. However, in thin section, these structures have undeformed pyroxene and ...
40 views

### Ozone Layer Problem

I am only 14 so please don't criticize me too harshly. From what I have understood from my teachers is that our ozone layer helps deflect harmful Ultra Violet Rays and that currently our ozone layer ...
34 views

### is the net amount of CO2 sequestered by trees from the atmosphere simply related to the mass of new growth?

My simplistic model for the carbon cycle was that plants (or trees in particular) photosynthesise and transpire. The former takes up CO2 and H2O and the latter does the reverse but obviously not ...
11 views

### What is the meaning of nomalized difference Built-up index？

I know how to calculate it by remote sensing image, but why do we define this? What can we know about a remote sensing scene by this indicator? What's the connection between normalized difference ...
45 views

### Net fluxes of carbon caused by humans

The current and future amount of carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere and the hydrosphere is what currently concerns and occupies many people. I am looking for a big picture of ...
66 views

### Does depletion of Planck radiation intensity in the upper atmosphere mean that “CO2 has no impact on climate change”?

In his recent book, Rex J. Fleming asserts that "CO2 has no impact on climate change", or, as he summarizes on his website: There are now over a dozen books available on Amazon.com that point out ...
5k views

### Can living where (rare) earth magnetic ore is abundant provide any protection from cosmic radiation?

Can living in a region that is rich in (rare) earth metal that has an inherently strong magnetic field provide any protection from cosmic radiation? Where are the strongest magnetic field other than ...
37 views

### Effect of organic matter on salinity

Organic manure is used in agriculture around the globe. I am interested in how does organic matter affect the salinity of soil? Does it increases, increases or remains unaffected? and is there a study ...
19 views

### What is the lateral ground acceleration, at the fault line, during a strike-slip earthquake?

I've read that peak lateral ground acceleration for magnitude 7 - 8 earthquakes is ~1 g at the epicenter (is that correct?), but I'm wondering if it might be significantly higher right at the ...
46 views

### Why did “Glaciologist Princess Elsa” have to leave the glacier because it was too warm?

This tweet shows "Glaciologist Princess Elsa" is actually Caltech geophysics PhD student and cryoseismologist Celeste Labedz. The BBC News article What's a 'Science Princess' doing in an ice field in ...
31 views

### Seismic velocity inversion & analysis

I attended at talk recently at the TGS office in Houston, TX, by Marianna Raunch. During this talk, a statement was made that for "very large" velocity inversions, semblance (or other similar ...
11 views

### Calibration of OSL dates to calender year dates

I am trying to utilize a function that uses calibrated $^{14}C$ dates. However, my data consists of OSL dates, not $^{14}C$. Searching google scholars did not provide any useful results. Since OSL ...
40 views

Inside of the rock there is some type of fossil and it looks like a tiny tooth. Whatever this is, it's very interesting and doesn't make any markings when drawn with. It is white and yellow, almost ...
39 views

### How to recharge ground water directly from river water

I am not sure if I am asking it on a correct platform or not. A rainy river passes through my village. We suffer both in summer and in rainy seasons due to this. Could anyone explain how to recharge ...
72 views

### Darwin theory about Japan and China

In a letter by Charles Darwin to Asa Gray, introducing to him an abstract about what would Origin of Species, he talked about migration of different forms during the glacial epoch, and the reason why ...
25 views

Hi I have this boulder as part of an arts project in the North East of England. It was taken with Premission from a beach at the mouth of the river Tyne. At first I thought it may have been a glacial ...
48 views

### What kind of rock is this? (Sedimentary) [closed]

This rock was obtained from a nearby quarrying from our grandparents' house on an island. It has a couple of bronze/mud colored linings on it and a bunch of scattered white areas. Could also see tiny ...
44 views

### Relationship Between Ratio of Atmospheric Gases and Ocean Gases

A version of this question was posted in Chemistry SE and Worldbuilding SE but I've been told it wasn't appropriate to either SE. I was told to give this SE a chance. If you think it doesn't belong on ...
70 views

### Ground water is almost every where, then how do mines and other holes are digged so that ground water doesn't drain into it

Water finds it way to the lowest point because of gravity. So if we dig a mine or something same, then how we take ground water in account, so that it doesn't fill in.
34 views

### Insert points into a 2d grid [closed]

I have a list of single point values that I want to insert into a grid. point_values = [1, 4, 5, ...] point_lats = [-12.101, -12.1023, -12.1031, ...] point_lons = [155.511, 155.520, 155.533, ...] ...
206 views

### How would our weather change in the event of a magnetic pole shift?

Every two hundred thousand years or so the magnetic poles flip. Obviously it is not life ending but how would our weather change? How long does the transition take? Is there a map or model to show ...
73 views

### Interpolating world data to a local grid in Python

I have an NC file that has global data with a high resolution (about 25 minutes) so a lot of coordinates. I have some measured values of some region with irregularly spaced coordinates. In order to ...
88 views

### Is this rock petrified wood and is there potential value in it? [closed]

I found this rock in south Texas on a construction site a few years ago. I thought maybe it was some type of petrified wood, but I honestly don't know what it is. It weighs close to 6lbs and the ...
47 views

### Wave train 200 m/s meaning

I ran a 60 m line intended for surficial seismic refraction. Energization with hammer. 12 (10 hz vertical 5 m spaced) geophones and 5 shots (15 m spaced). Record length 0.5 s. Thanks to a borehole ...
38 views

### Why estimate evapotranspiration using machine learning techniques while we can calculate it with Penmann monteith equation?

I find many researchers use Machine Learning Techniques and Algorithms to calculate the EvapoTranspiration, while there’s also the Penmann Monteith equation that gives us the result. Does this say we ...
127 views

### Isn't a warmer climate better for energy generation?

Nowadays, everyone talks about it: climate change, and more importantly, how to stop it from happening. Although there's a lot of debate around the topic, the conscensus is that by inventing a way of ...
19 views

### How to draw a strike and dip on a geologic map?

I know that Strike and dip refer to the orientation or attitude of a geologic feature. The strike line of a bed, fault, or other planar feature, is a line representing the intersection of that feature ...
45 views

### A better way to prevent ice shelf from melting and raising ocean levels?

I just read this article by scientist who propose making giant snow machines to basically move the eroding ice shelf further inland. It’s been described as pretty much cost prohibitive (despite saving ...
49 views

### is it better to take minimum measure of all measures or the mean of minimum measures as a minimum measure

We have taken the measurments of temperature, humidity, net radiation and pressure in our lab so we can calculate the potential reference EvapoTranspiration. So to find out the potential reference ET ...
10k views

### Why does the salt in the oceans not sink to the bottom?

This is something that just occurred to me. If heavier elements sink, then how can the entire ocean be salty? Shouldn't the 'salt', because of its density, all sink to the bottom of the ocean? In ...
99 views

### Why is carbon dioxide the gold standard in greenhouse emissions - and not nitrous oxide?

I admit that this is not a genuinely earth sience question, but since there is no stack exchange site genuinely devoted to general ecology, I dare to ask it here: From a table in the German Wikipedia ...
48 views

### Realtime planetary gravity maps?

I'm trying to find maps of realtime (or at least periodically updated / semi-realtime) gravity maps of Earth. I was hoping that GOCE might have something like this available, but I've been hitting a ...
39 views

### What kind of heavy rocks are these? [closed]

Can anyone help me identify these rocks? Found these on the beach. They are VERY heavy but not magnetic. Most have a circular shape, about 1-2 inches in diameter. A few have a flat bottom. Any guesses?...
31 views

### Temperature of the earth [closed]

What are the main factors that contribute to the temperature fluctuations/cycles of a location? Is the earth's temperature cycle dictated mainly by the temperature cycle of the ocean? How does the ...
95 views

### Is this particular multiple rainbow unexplained by science?

The gist of the BBC News article 'Incredibly rare rainbow' photographed in Highlands is that while it has several familiar features, there are aspects that are still unexplained. Question: Are there ...
18 views

### Why did notosuchians and similar crocodylomorphs thrive in the Jurassic-Cretaceous but fail to compete with adequate mammalian competitors?

Notosuchia has a long and storied past. They seem to have gotten by just fine with dinosaurs dominating the makeup of mid and late Mesozoic megafauna. Despite dinosaurs having more developed and ...
44 views

### Hi please could someone help identify this rock. Received it as a gift from a friend [closed]

The rock has green,purple and white stripes.
483 views

### What is this geomorphological form?

What is this geomorphological form located at Vitrolles, France? And how is it formed? It is like a 'raised flat land', or a base of a hill where the top 80% is cut, leaving only the wide, flat base.
22 views

### Anyone sucessfully installed pywafo for Python 3 under windows OS?

I've tried: pip install wafo pip install wafo==0.3.1 The instructions of readme provide a 2 step installation process but it fails on the first one. I am using windows 10 and python 3.6.1. Right ...
17 views

### Why does the OSCAR database describe Landsats fire identification as “daylight only”?

The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review (OSCAR) Tool describes the High-Resolution Imager (HRI) (which flies on Pléades-1A and -1B, among other ...
52 views

### Why is diabase/dolerite erosion resistant?

Diabase is often considered to be relatively erosion resistant. We can generally find diabase dikes cross-cutting various strata through the geologic landscape, wherein, the diabase dike or sill is ...
71 views

### Daughter found a unique rock at daycare in New Gloucester Maine

Daughter found a really unique rock and says its a meteorite (she's 5). We are not sure. She found it on the playground at school on the ground. It does have some magnetism to it (minor amount - ...
39 views

### Fossil in Chert pebble picked up on a Kent beach

Please identify the fossil in the picture below. size of pebble is around 40mm diameter and the pebble had been broken to reveal the internal structure.
105 views

### I'm still confused about what “probability of precipitation” means

I'm trying to understand what weather forecasts mean more precisely. As I understand it from reading Wikipedia, blogs, etc., the percentage value for rain/precipitation that you see in a forecast is ...