# All Questions

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57 views

### Where to find reliable snowfall rate data?

Would you please let me know where I can find/download reliable snowfall rate datasets? I am looking for multiple weather stations (in different regions) or field measured data, that contain both ...
75 views

### Does evaporated hand sanitizer pollute the environment?

With all the COVID-19 stuff going on, I feel the usage of alcohol-based hand sanitizers has increased many fold. I wonder what happens to all that evaporated alcohol in the atmosphere. How soon does ...
184 views

### Review of calculation of CO$_2$ contribution to warming

In a Swedish Facebook group for "climate change skeptics" Erik Larsen has shared his calculation of how big part of temperature change can be attributed to human emissions of carbon dioxide. ...
68 views

### Why do the highest temperature levels occur at midday?

I also see that weather forecast sites show temperatures decreasing starting from 3 to 4 pm, but the thermometer shows that it starts droping at sunset.
392 views

### Is it possible to predict the maximum daily/annual tide height without calculating hourly heights?

It's possible to predict tide at a given location and at a given time reasonably well (e.g. predicting low tide). And there are tools available that make it possible to do this calculation for any ...
57 views

### What are good oceanographic journals

I am a developer with a oceanographic side project. I did some ML on wave & tide data and thought of publishing it in a paper. What are some good journals to send it to? Any recommendations? ...
12 views

### Australia east coast data access WW3

I am currently looking into https://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/waves/product_table.shtml?-multi_1- And wondering why no station for the Australia East Coast is defined in the list. The northernmost station ...
29 views

### Beam forming FK analysis of a seismic wave

So after reading alot of literature on source localization, I found out that FK analysis is one of the most widely used methods to determine source location without explicitly calculating the ...
24 views

### What software libraries, tools or frameworks do you use for turning tabular sensor data from the field into cleaned data files

Cleaning data and turning it into a useable format that can be integrated with other datasets is a time-consuming task that earth scientists face when using sensor data. Most sensors output data in a ...
75 views

### Are rainbows a reaction from earths natural release of gas after a rain? [closed]

In my studies, Ive dropped a limestone or porous stone into water, with salt and sugar. The results where an impressive light show of color flashes. With the Earths natural release of gas, these ...
15 views

### Is there a database for Strahler numbers of rivers?

I'm looking for the Strahler stream order number of rivers in Germany. Of course it would be possible to obtain the Strahler number myself by looking up each source of each rivers. But I have to ...
79 views

### Can the frequent mowing without watering cause the total desertification in arid climate?

The law describes several modes of lawn care like ...
19 views

### How to use gridded data for a catchment scale analysis?

I need to use gridded rainfall data (0.1 degree grids) and station discharge data for analysing rainfall-runoff relationships. How do I process the data in such a way that it is justifiable to compare ...
38 views

### How does one compute an ECEF vector? [closed]

I know how to compute an n-vector given the latitude and longitude of a location. I want to compute the ECEF (Earth-centered, Earth-fixed) vector of two positions so that I can subtract those vectors ...
24 views

### Fix pH Value ongoing with right plant

I am a very beginning in planting three. I sent a ground sample for analysis and one of the results is the pH value of pH 6.2 in water solution and pH 4.75 in ...
54 views

### Seeking climate and related sciences textbook recommendations

I will be starting a Master's program in data science soon and my eventual hope/goal is to do climate-related data science work. I did an independent study for one semester in college on the ...
155 views

### Will life still be sustainable on earth when solar eclipses stop?

Estimates put the last solar eclipse at 600 million years. The question then becomes how much time is left on Earth? Stephen Hawking believes we have less then a 100 years left on Earth but that ...
32 views

### Do Self-Aggregation Simulations Depend Crucially on Radiative-Convective Equilibrium (RCE) Initial Conditions?

I've been reading papers on convective self-aggregation, such as Bretherton (2005) and Khairoutdinov (2003), and it's not clear to me why (or whether) self-aggregation depends on the model being ...
1k views

### Why did a branch against a window prevent condensation?

Last night was pretty chilly here in South East Queensland, Australia. We woke this morning to condensation on the bedroom windows but noticed something curious. Where a small branch was touching the ...
61 views

### How far downwind of a covid-19 emitter has a 1000-fold reduction in PPM?

How far downwind of a covid-19 emitter has a 1000-fold reduction in PPM? Assuming that covid-19 (0.12μm diameter) particles have the aerodynamic properties of a gas: Particles < 20 μm behave same ...
133 views

### Are we entering a new Ice Age according to Milankovitch cycles?

Milankovitch cycles consist of three orbital parameters: eccentricity, obliquity, and precession of equinoxes. According to Milutin Milankovitch, the most recent glacial period ended nearly 11,000 ...
58 views

### Can Horizontal Radiation Fluxes Contribute to Net Column Heating?

I've noticed that in many papers it's common to assume the (daily or longer averaged) vertically integrated radiative heating can be expressed $F_z(\text{TOA})-F_z(\text{SURF})$, where $F_z$ is the ...
76 views

### Why are temperatures within a few degrees of the all-time high actually pretty common?

I see from a news report that the all-time high temperature, anywhere on Earth, is 129 F. But temperatures within 10 degrees of that record are not rare, and temperatures within 20 degrees are pretty ...
89 views

### Rain during Hot Weather

During hot weather, it is uncommon for there to be rain without lightning and thunder if the weather is hot. I find that the general rule of thumb is that if it is raining while it is 70 degrees or ...
124 views

### Using Enhanced Rock Weathering in the Sahel Region of Africa

A recent Guardian article "Spreading rock dust on fields could remove vast amounts of CO2 from air" has gotten some attention in the nongovernmental and UN organizations working in the Sahel ...
69 views

### Is the lack of aerosols increasing temperatures in 2020?

2020 is predicted to be an unusually warm year and we are already seeing a lot of unusual temperatures. I was wondering, how much of an impact the reduction of aerosol emission from the global ...
67 views

### Rainfall units conversion from depth to rate/intensity

Given 6-hour rainfal data with units in meters(m), how can one convert the 6-hourly rainfall depth in meters(m) to ...
42 views

### How much helium should I put in a weather balloon? [closed]

I have an 8 foot diameter weather balloon and I plan to launch it into near space. I was hoping someone out there in this community would know about weather balloons. My payload will problably weigh ...
71 views

### Wind speed data plot contains blank gaps

I am relatively new to Python, and I am having trouble plotting some data. Specifically, I am plotting wind speed data on a 2-D plot that I grabbed from the Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) ...
88 views

Alert, in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada, is northernmost permanently inhabited place in world. The site was first visited by Sir George Nares, who commanded HMS Alert in 1875-76, the first ...
138 views

### Are weather changes periodic? (Do the same weather patterns repeat over years?) (Cycles) (Journal paper suggestion)

I am wondering if there is long term (10 year, 7 year, 20 year) periodic patterns Similar to short term seasonal and periodic patterns in weather such as sea/land wind, monsoon, ENSO, ocean sea-saw, ...
115 views

### Why would a rincon provide more reliable water? [closed]

I am reading a book that argues that the Ancestral Puebloans settled along the rincons, or nooks, along the canyon walls, because that was where water was reliable. I can't understand the argument, as ...
33 views

### Weather measurements of how long ago affects the amount of rainfall? (Which lags of temperature, precipitation, windspeed, radiation. humidity. )

I am trying to predict the amount of rainfall using weather measurements (temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, surface radiation). For long term, midterm, and short term predictions, ...
22 views

### What are the most important climatic measurements to predict streamflow and water for short term, midterm and long term prediction?

From the measured values below, which ones are the most important factors that affect the amount of streamflow? (For short, mid, and long term) Which ones are more important? (Can give me some ...
48 views

### Direct and Diffused component of shortwave radiation in ERA5 data

I am following the paper to calculate UTCI using ERA5 meteorological variables. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-020-01900-5?shared-article-renderer In the paper, the authors have ...
50 views

### Is there a modelling of Wave Rock (Hyden Rock) formation?

I'm interested in the visualization of the formation process of "strange" objects like Wave Rock (flared slope). I've found articles describing hypotheses of the rock formation but I cannot ...
63 views

### Will increased level of ocean acidity lead to more frequent acid rain?

Will increased level of ocean acidity lead to more frequent acid rain? I searched on google and it says acid rain will have minor impact on ocean acidity, but I am not sure if increased ocean acidity ...
74 views

### In meteorology, are satellite data “better” than reanalysis data?

More specifically, can it be argued that satellite data are more reliable because they are direct measurements of physical quantities, while reanalysis data depend on the processing and merging of ...
109 views

### How does the act of producing animal feed from the leftovers of a process result in a negative carbon footprint? [closed]

According to this source, it is claimed that (emphasis is mine) At Arbikie Distillery in Angus, scientists claim to have developed the world's first "climate positive" gin. By using garden ...
53 views

### Phosphate in the oceans, does it tend to bond with sodium?

Phosphate has a major role in biology and the biosphere. In its "abiotic" form, floating around in the oceans, lets say marine oceans to be specific, does it tend to be in the Na3PO4 form? ...
73 views

### Relation between molecular mass and retention of a gas on a planet

An Introduction to Our Dynamic Planet under section 2.4 "The origins of the atmosphere and hydrosphere"(Page 80) says on the topic of gases escaping from our atmosphere as: Different gases ...
64 views

### How many mole of oxygen gas is there in the atmosphere?

At standard conditions, one liter of air, 0.21 L of oxygen gas, contains 0.0094 moles of $\rm O_2$. What is the total quantity of oxygen gas molecules in the atmosphere?
87 views

### What are the latest developments about global stilling?

I recently learn about "global stilling", i.e. the fact that surface wind speed tends to decrease since the 80s. It was in this article, but it's from 2010. The Wikipedia page also seems a ...
51 views

### The seemingly impossible formation time for the local sea arches and caves

I live in Hong Kong. As a nature lover, I often spend time visiting the south-eastern coasts of Sai Kung Peninsular - a local nature reserve. The area's famous feature is the coastal erosion landscape....
105 views

### Is Earth's atmosphere 1600 km thick?

Some textbooks say that atmosphere extends up to 1600 km, but exosphere is more than 9000 km thick. Where is the mistake?
46 views

### Any open source sub-daily weather data other than Jena?

I am looking for observed sub-daily weather data (as 1d time series) which must include temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed for a any location on earth. Currently I am aware of Jena ...
20 views

### Is there a site where I could get a high resolution global annual temperature map?

I'm exploring different places on the countryside and would like to compare their different annual temperatures. The options that I've seen are either too coarse (NASA, NOAA, arcgis (free online ...
42 views

### More iron = Less remanent magnetic field

I am aware that iron is a magnetic mineral and through the process of thermoremanent magnetization it can store a record to the state of magnetization it formed in. I wanted to ask if there are any ...