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1

Do the calculation for 1 mol of CO$_2$ 1 mol of CO$_2$ weighs 49 grammes = 0.0049 kg 86400 seconds in a day, so 864000 * 0.0049 = 423.36 kg/day/m$^2$ The surface area of the globe is 5.1 x 10$^{14}$ m$^2$ - so 423.6 * 5.1 x 10$^{14}$ = 2.16 x 10$^{17}$ kg/day Convert from kg to Megatons, 10$^9$ kg in a Megaton - so we get 1 mol CO$_2$/m$^2$/second = 2.16 x ...

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"Ship of opportunity" weather observations have contributed to global data collection exercises since the dawn of meteorology as a science. There are many national and international initiatives that collect data and the data already inform weather forecasts and climate models. The practice is summarised in https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10....

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"The Warming Papers" edited by David Archer and Raymond Pierrehumbert is good for historical context. It is basically a collection of classic journal papers, starting with Fourier and Tyndall, but it also covers key papers on climate modelling, ice cores and the carbon cycle etc.

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