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19

I think you are too into the numbers. When talking about longitude and latitude they are two different things. Longitude goes east and west from a point on the earth from 0 to 180 degrees east and 0 to 180 degrees west and describe semicircles of equal length running from the north pole to the south pole. Latitude however is in degrees north or south of ...

5

The way "I see the diagram" it looks weird, but it is probably correct. My perception is that it is about frames of reference. We are used to seeing the Earth with Earth's north at the top, not at 23.5 deg from the vertical. This picture has the ecliptic pole at the top. As you state, Earth's equator matches the celestial equator. The Earth's poles would ...

5

There is a site that will show you the antipode for any location, and takes you through the calculation if you need it - https://www.geodatos.net/en/antipodes/united-states/monterey. Looking at the question, and your own potential answer, that you originally posted on the GIS SE, you correctly calculated the longitude of the antipode, but you mistakenly ...

4

As others have said, a single set of coordinates gives a point rather than an area. However, I assume that the intent of the question is an understanding of the precision of these coordinates - i.e. what's the area covered by the 1"x1" shape comprising all of the lat and lon values that would round to a whole number of seconds. The answer to that is "it ...

3

A point do not have an area. A point is a 0-dimensional mathematical object which can be specified in n-dimensional space using an n-tuple (x1, x2, ..., xn) consisting of n coordinates. The area of a point cannot be calculated. So the area must be null.

3

You can travel in north-south direction to go around the world... but you can also travel east-west. Going around the equator halfway will see no north-south change, but still be halfway around the world... so that should make clear that two antipodal points can be much less north-south change than between the North Pole to the South Pole. They can even ...

3

It all depends on exactly what you mean by "halfway around the earth heading due north or south." One theoretical interpretation of that phrase is that, starting in Monterey, California, you start heading south, and you continue walking south until the distance that you've walked south is half the circumference of the earth. (Throughout this answer,...

2

It's easy to get confused by great circle distances when looking at a flat map. I find it much easier to understand the concept while looking at a globe, or if I don't have any, on Google Earth. The trick is to rotate the globe and redefine the north pole, so that Monterey is on "top" of the world. With our new definition: Monterey is now the ...

1

I have found the answer Geopotential height of ground or water surface is available as a variable (UCAR variable inventory). It is called 'orography' if you read the file with cfgrib. Somehow it did not appear in variable inventory when read with pygrib ... Alternatively, I could have used MetPy.

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$\color{blue}{\text{The answer here presumes that Earth is a sphere.}}$ $\color{blue}{\text{This is not fully true, but the question seems to build in that assumption.}}$ $\color{blue}{\text{That should be clarified to determine if this answer is relevant.}}$ Do not use a 2D-plane which does not generally exist for four points. Use a tetrahedron. You can ...

1

I have two solutions. Use MetPy to calculate the height from the geopotential height. Use the hypsometric equation, averaging the temperature below the level.

1

If I understood the question right: CDO can interpolate from model level to height level with the operator ml2hl infile.nc outfile.nc additionally, for the lower atmospheric levels, you can add an extrapolation option. BUT I don't recommend it since its extrapolation performance is questionable.

1

As I see it, the Earth is well oriented, but due to (over)simplification the drawing of the geographical features may be misleading. The aspects that show that the North Pole is not upwards but tilted to the right are: The Mediterranean sea extends basically in an East-West direction. The (simplified) Mediterranean here is clearly tilted and not horizontal. ...

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