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It really depends on how you define storms. For tropical storms, there are some regions where they are not usually a threat. Likewise, for extratropical storms, there are latitudes where such things are not a concern (such as the tropics). The key to understanding the seasonality to such storms is to understand what controls the seasonality of what drives ...
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These look to be Thermals to me . They form as a result of strong day time heating and vertical ascent in the lowest part of the planetary boundary layer. It's not clear what time of day the satellite image is but if it were around after 12 noon then that appears like cumulus clouds that have formed as a result of day time heating.
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High pressures and low pressures at any height do not exist in isolation. Had to remind myself a lot of this (so anyone feel free to correct), but the first thing worth highlighting is that the Bermuda High is a warm core high pressure and so extends a great depth through the atmosphere.
This image is a fairly typical cross section of the atmosphere at 35 ...
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The storm and basics:
Here is an animation I got from this NOAA Tweet of the lightning in Harvey hours before landfall:
https://mashable.com/2017/08/31/harvey-weather-satellite-maps-lightning/, where I found the imagery, offers some basic thoughts, including the key concept that:
As with most hurricanes, you'll notice that the most active area of lightning ...
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Yes, In he tropics where humidity is more ubiquitous moist air currents feed systems that allow for storms. In temperate climates these storms proliferate where it's warm and humid and die off in winter.
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