14
votes
Sea Level Rise due to Climate Change
The first part of the association is that increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will cause rising temperatures on earth. Here is some information on why that is so, if you are ...
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8
votes
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What are good metrics to compare climates?
The Köppen climate classification is a classic metric to classify climates:
Source: Wikimedia Commons
It classifies climates based on the number of months with temperature below and/or above certain ...
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6
votes
Sea Level Rise due to Climate Change
It's a harder direct relation to show that it appears. On the surface, warmer = less ice, file under "duh", but while it probably is that simple, showing a causal relation is a more difficult.
The ...
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5
votes
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Correlation and causation
Convergent cross mapping (CCM) is a recently developed tool to answer the question you've asked. It's based on tools developed in nonlinear time series analysis and dynamical systems theory. It allows ...
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5
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Probability ( weather tomorrow = weather today)?
As mentioned, the term you are looking for is persistence. Generally its strength varies wildly depending on what variable you are looking at, the location, and by whether you also further select ...
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5
votes
Spatial Continuity in python
Your last question was easy to answer, this one is more difficult. You could look at correlation and dependence, but you'd be better off looking at variography. That's the easier part of this question ...
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4
votes
Correlation and causation
I can give some examples from atmospheric science:
Wind and temperature in the vertical direction: as you increase in height, the temperature decreases due to the conservation of geopotential energy. ...
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3
votes
Correlation and causation
As an alternative to Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM), the recent Tigramite is a fast python library for causal discovery that promises to ...
... outperforms current approaches in detection power ...
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3
votes
What are the technical solutions to measure $\ce{CO2}$ emissions?
In addition to satellite measurements of carbon dioxide, there are numerous ground based stations that also measure carbon dioxide: Italy, Hawaii, Australia, just to name a few.
If you want to catch ...
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3
votes
Probability ( weather tomorrow = weather today)?
Pearson publish a data set for A-level students (high school) that includes weather data from various locations. While the data set is (deliberately) flawed [one task for students is to identify flaws ...
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3
votes
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Prevailing Winds: Is the speed relevant?
Part of the complication goes to two separate definitions for the word:
prevailing:
To be frequent (Miriam-Webster)
The most frequent, the most occurring wind direction in your example, even if ...
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3
votes
Accepted
How to know to which PC (Principal Component) a sample belongs in EOF/PCA
I recommend you read Monahan et al. (1990) for a thorough explanation of Empirical Orthogonal Functions. I suggest you pay attention to the way the principal components are extracted. Ultimately, ...
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3
votes
Sea Level Rise due to Climate Change
The argument and science behind this idea is well summarized on the Union of Concerned Scientist web page on global warming as it causes sea levels to rise. There is a link to a white paper which ...
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3
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How do climatologists define the "start" of a rainy season in a unimodal monsoonal climate?
I find the following method very straightforward and elegant. So maybe I can convince you to consider it.
For the South American (SA) monsoon, Silva et al. (2007) and Carvalho et al. (2012) proposed ...
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3
votes
How much does COVID-19 affect weather forecasts?
Welcome to Earth Science SE!
Given that the crisis is still ongoing, I doubt we know the full extent of the impact (forecasting the weather is hard enough, forecasting the impact of a pandemic is ...
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3
votes
Accepted
What is this error regarding easting and northing of ground control points?
Easting and northing provide an alternative to latitude and longitude for specifying a point on the Earth ellipsoid. I suggest you read (for example) the wiki.gis.com pages on the Universal Transverse ...
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2
votes
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Current temperature increase VS decrease during the little ice age
To be sure about why it appears to be centered around -0.2°C, you'd have to go to the original source of the graph. However, as an educated guess, I would imagine that they are showing the anomaly ...
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2
votes
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What statistical methods are best for analyzing long-term rainfall data?
It depends on your data, if the rainfall data is in a grid with temporal and spatial dimension, you can use a NetCDF format to analyse the data via R, matlab, IDL or Python. NetCDF is Network Common ...
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2
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What are the technical solutions to measure $\ce{CO2}$ emissions?
I'll add to Freds answer and just provide some detail about the satellite measurements:
The keyword you're looking for is "remote sensing of the atmosphere" or "remote sensing of XYZ", where XYZ is ...
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2
votes
What are the technical solutions to measure $\ce{CO2}$ emissions?
There is an EU programme having exactly this aim. See this press release. Monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions needs the combination of in-situ measurements, satellite observations and modelling of ...
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2
votes
How can I account for rainfall effects on air pollution?
Sounds like you want a dataset that is unadjusted for rainfall. I'm not sure what you have to gain from that, but there are ways to do it. One way to do this would be to find the inverse correlation ...
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2
votes
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What is the physical meaning of second moment of wind velocity?
The (statistical) variation is not the same as the gradient. The gradient is a measure how things change from here to a nearby point, or from now to a point in the near future. The variation, on the ...
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2
votes
Seismic amplitude distribution
I'm sure there are several possible reasons.
I'm not a seismologist, this is an amateur answer only.
Tidal forces
Local acceleration has very small long-term drifts due to tidal forces from the ...
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2
votes
Accepted
How to check the recurrence intervall of heavy rain events
In engineering it is common practice to build intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, which basically map out the frequency of a given rainfall event based on its average intensity (mm/hr) and ...
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2
votes
How much does COVID-19 affect weather forecasts?
Is there a project that tracks and publishes data regarding weather prediction errors on a regular basis that would help with analyzing the correlation between incoming data and prediction error?
The ...
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2
votes
How much does COVID-19 affect weather forecasts?
The ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) has published an article about the topic on 24 March 2020:
By 23 March there was a reduction of 65% in [European aircraft] reports ...
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1
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What are the technical solutions to measure $\ce{CO2}$ emissions?
I would suspect that it's much simpler than actually putting measuring devices in smokestacks, or using satellites. Just use economic data on fossil fuel production & imports. If X tons of coal ...
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1
vote
What are good metrics to compare climates?
Zech–Aslan energy statistic stands out as the most recommended metric
Baseline setup and dataset The data that are used represent some
aspects of the historical (recent past) and future climates ...
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1
vote
Accepted
Where can I find detailed historical breakdowns of U.S. lightning fatalities on a year-by-year basis?
For a comprehensive literature review of sources of lightning fatalities data you can check the paper "Striking Back: An Assessment of Lightning related Fatality and Injury Risk in Canada", it covers ...
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1
vote
Calculating mean time spent precipitating for a specified period/area?
Check with the Met Office to see what data is available.
My experience, from elsewhere, is that weather data: temperature, pressure and precipitation are recorded at important weather stations at ...
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