I don't understand the last sentence about decimal places, but I can tell you about the relationship between lat, long and distance. Over two centuries ago, the meter was defined as one ten-millionth ...

The sun is about 100 times the size of the Earth (in diameter), and the distance from the sun to Earth is about 100 times the diameter of the sun. Below is an image showing the sun, Earth, and the ...

Fishing through the links mentioned over at Christianity SE, I netted this scientific paper about freshwater and marine fish: Why are there so few fish in the sea?. Apparently the bulk (96%) of marine ...

Except for Rayleigh scattering (Is the color of the sky the same everywhere on earth?) gases typically do not add any color to atmospheres, they are usually transparent in visible light. The Halogen ...

Somewhat more from volcanic activity than meteor impacts, but both are important. The Earth has an iron-nickel ($\ce{Fe}$-$\ce{Ni}$) core that originates from Earth's formation out of the collision ...

A frost-gley is a waterlogged permafrost soil. IOW, a gleysol that has undergone cryoturbation.

The rates at which plants consume CO$_2$ and animals consume O$_2$ is minuscule compared to the vast amounts of CO$_2$ and O$_2$ in the atmosphere. The amount of change overnight is not even ...

Erosion (especially), viscous relaxation, uplift, crust recycling (in the long term), volcanic activity, filling of the crater with deposits, and distortion by crust deformation (eg earthquakes) are ...

Being remote sensing, algorithms for inverting the raw data to get physical quantities may be improving with time. Perhaps a slight adjustment in algorithm or calibration happened between July and ...

Gordon has an excellent answer to one version of your Q. In case you are asking a more basic Q, here is a try at an answer. Vini, think about the monsoons. Cooling the soggy parcel of air causes rain,...

A weed is just a plant where you do not want it. Totally a matter of context. Tumbleweeds are non-native, introduced centuries ago. I assume you mean the invasive species of plants that have been ...

Pretty darn accurate. To first order, the atmosphere's mass is the average atmospheric pressure at the Earth's surface times the total surface area divided by the acceleration due to Earth's gravity. ...

EDIT -- Found the full report ... in Norway. The quote you are trying to source was an oft repeated (1999-2002) talking point by Klaus Toepfer (Töpfer), head of UNEP. The oldest instance I can find ...