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As the title says, I'd like to know what the O2 concentration was during the late Miocene period. I've tried to look this up but I'm having a hard time finding any conclusive data on it, or even any graphs of oxygen concentration on a scale smaller that 100 million years. From what I can tell it should be lower than today, although I can't tell by how much.

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    $\begingroup$ the late Miocene is going to be very close to modern levels, it is just not that long ago, and we don't have any evidence of major fluctuations during the tertiary. $\endgroup$
    – John
    Commented Feb 19, 2021 at 6:26

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R. Tappert et al (2013) used carbon isotopes in ambers as proxies for atmospheric oxygen concentrations. Their work indicates an initial Miocene O2 concentration of 16% and rising to about 20% at the end: Comparison of predicted atmospheric pO2 from this study with previously proposed models that are based on mass balance calculations...

It's pretty remarkable how different their results look from other models. Some think that some inferred upward trend in O2 levels since the Eocene gave rise to the mammals, or at least bigger brains in mammals.

Hope this helps!

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