3
$\begingroup$

I read somewhere that the Chicxulub impact released the energy equivalent of anywhere from 100-300 teratons of TNT. That's an impressive amount of energy.

Assuming a head on collision (according to newer research), how would it compare to the impact that created our moon?

$\endgroup$
1
  • $\begingroup$ It would be insignificant in comparison. $\endgroup$
    – bon
    Commented May 19, 2017 at 16:42

1 Answer 1

3
$\begingroup$

Here's a quick-and-dirty estimate. The gravitational self-energy of a uniform-density sphere is $$ U = \frac35 \frac{GM^2}R $$ Let's assume Theia had the same mass and density as Mars, and that Gaia contained the rest of the mass of the Earth-Moon system. The binding energies for the four bodies are then

theia/mars 4.82e+30 joules
gaia       1.90e+32 joules
earth      2.24e+32 joules
moon       1.24e+29 joules

You can see that Theia and the Moon contribute to the binding energy starting the third significant figure: moving the 90% of Theia's mass to Gaia, leaving us with the Earth and the Moon, must have released something like $0.3\times10^{32}\rm\,J$ of gravitational binding energy as heat.

Kinetic energies due to Earth's rotation and the Moon's orbit are irrelevant compared to Earth's binding energy --- the biggest contributor there is $0.25\times10^{30}\rm\,J$ associated with Earth's daily rotation. It's probably safe to assume the same about the progenitors.

Apparently a teraton of TNT is $4\times10^{21}\rm\,J$, if you insist on that comparison.

Note that I've assumed nothing about the geometry of the collision, whether it was head-on or glancing. I'm only making assumptions about the (well-known) final state and the (poorly constrained) initial state.

$\endgroup$
1
  • 1
    $\begingroup$ That's about 10 zettatons of TNT. $\endgroup$
    – Ethan
    Commented Mar 20, 2018 at 5:52

Your Answer

By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge you have read our privacy policy.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.