All Questions
Tagged with meteorology temperature
98 questions
11
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is the southern hemisphere colder than the northern one or is it just me?
When comparing the same latitude at each hemisphere I've got the impression that the southern hemisphere is generally colder.
Tasmania and New Zealand's North Island for instance are around 36-43 ...
- 133
4
votes
0
answers
57
views
Better method to identify seasons in temperature time series?
I'm trying to find a way to automatically detect the start/end of the 4 seasons based on a time series of daily mean temperature.
According to this paper summer and winter can be defined as (smoothed) ...
- 471
3
votes
1
answer
899
views
Dew-point temperature and absolute humidity
I am looking for a reference (e.g. book, peer-reviewed paper) that asserts that
absolute humidity is "equivalent" to the dew-point temperature.
Such statement should be true, AFAIU. Online, ...
- 133
2
votes
1
answer
224
views
Why do tropical areas have low air pressure?
From the question Why are pressure levels raised on warm days?, my understanding is that the air pressure at surface level is not affected by temperature, as the mass of the imagined air column stays ...
- 23
5
votes
1
answer
907
views
How is this global temperature chart compiled?
In this BBC News article, there is a chart labelled "Hottest day on record globally - Daily average air temperature, 1940-2023". It shows temperatures that are higher in summer and lower in ...
- 53
2
votes
1
answer
42
views
How to download atmospheric/oceanographic data for a given region in the sea?
I am trying to get data of atmospheric temperature, wind intensity and/or atmospheric pressure for a specific region of the sea, since I have ocean bottom pressure data from a fixed instrument (lat,...
- 395
4
votes
1
answer
94
views
Is equivalent potential temperature constant also for dry adiabatic processes?
Equivalent Potential Temperature, defined as
$$\theta_e = \theta \cdot e^{qL/c_pT}$$
with $\theta$ denoting potential temperature and q the specific moisture of water remains constant for wet ...
- 985
1
vote
1
answer
116
views
How much average temperature increase in India is due to Urbanisation and population growth?
There is an article on the BBC talking about an alarming increase of heatwaves in India. It also says that:
Average temperatures in India have risen by around 0.7% between 1901 and 2018,
partly due ...
- 231
31
votes
6
answers
7k
views
Why aren't weather balloons left in the atmosphere permanently?
I was reading about weather balloons and the articles said that weather balloon flights usually last about two hours. When I looked up why, some articles said that when the balloons get high enough in ...
- 605
17
votes
4
answers
5k
views
Why does the temperature change about every 50-100 meters near hills
So I was in this place called Chamundi hills, Mysore.
I was riding back at around 7pm down hill and noticed this strange behavior. About every 50-100 meters the temperature fluctuated.
It was ...
- 273
1
vote
0
answers
202
views
Forecasted temperature in the shade vs. theoretical "feels-like" temperature in the sun
I understand that different objects absorb different amounts of light (blackbody absorption). I wonder how feasible it would be to calculate the approximate temperature in the sun based upon the ...
- 111
3
votes
1
answer
90
views
What are the main differences between the reference temperature and the average air temperature?
Last week when I was dealing with the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) seasonal forecasting system, a variable named “tref,” or Reference Temperature, caught my attention.
I read some ...
- 33
3
votes
1
answer
1k
views
What is a wind chill formula that will work from -10 C to +50 C and uses wind speed in km/h?
I'm looking for a wind chill formula that will work from -10 °C to +50 °C and uses wind speed in km/h so that I can use this formula to add this element to a weather station I am programming. I don't ...
- 51
3
votes
0
answers
346
views
Best method for weather station data interpolation with external parameters
I'm part of an organization maintaning a large network of weather stations (~3000 stations) over a European country.
Besides storing data measured from the stations into a database, we also produce ...
- 471
2
votes
0
answers
36
views
Which atmospheric parameters will give accurate result of electricity consumption of an area by using multiple regression model?
I have a dataset that gives values of
temperature,
Relative humidity
Geopotential
Ozone mass mixing ratio
Potential vorticity
Fraction of cloud cover
Specific cloud ice water content
Specific cloud
...
- 21
4
votes
0
answers
110
views
How much does a global model's accuracy change with the timestep?
I've been working with ICON, ICON-EU and GFS forecasts, and it seems like the temperature results are "close" for the same location, 6 hour forecasts and 120 hour forecasts - MAE: 5.7 and 6....
- 41
3
votes
2
answers
138
views
Modelling atmospheric temperature as function of elevation
If I have a body that is exposed to light of intensity $I$, then its temperature should follow the ODE
$$\dot{T} = a I - b T^4$$
Mountains are covered with snow, yet $I$ should be the same as at sea ...
- 321
4
votes
0
answers
443
views
What is the reason behind some of the biome anomalies in Africa?
For example :
The center of Africa lies in the Equatorial region and yet, does not have tropical rainforests all the way across.
The island of Madagascar has two different biomes
Since altitude and ...
- 81
4
votes
3
answers
652
views
Potential temperature constant in a well-mixed atmospheric layer?
Why is the potential temperature, defined as $\theta = T\Big(\frac{P_0}{P}\Big)^{R/c_p}$, constant in a well-mixed layer? I understand that the dew point temperature has to be parallel to a line of ...
- 325
3
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Pressure vs Temperature effect on humidity
I am a bit confused about pressure vs temperature effect on relative humidity.
I know that air density is decreased with altitude, which means that there is more "space" between air ...
- 183
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Why is the snow line higher in the Himalayas than on the equator?
Excerpt from WP page Snow line:
"At or near the equator, it is typically situated at approximately 4,500 metres (14,764 ft) above sea level. As one moves towards the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic ...
- 305
1
vote
1
answer
690
views
Why is the isothermal layer being considered a part of the stratosphere rather than the troposphere or being an independent layer?
At altitudes from 12-20 km (7-12.5 mi) above the midlatitudes the temperature remains constant with altitude (minus 56.5°C in the ISA). This part is usually considered to be in the stratosphere, but ...
- 305
2
votes
2
answers
4k
views
What is the relationship between air pressure and temperature?
I'm trying to reconcile a paradox regarding air pressure and temperature.
On the one hand, compressing air heats it up, while expanding it cools it. So density and temperature are proportional.
On the ...
- 123
6
votes
0
answers
98
views
Why is the air above the Himalayas warmer than surrounding areas?
Looking at earth.nullschool.net on 13.09.2021 you can see that the temperature above the Himalayas appear warmer than the surroundings (at 700 hPa):
At the surface ...
- 161
4
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Why isn't wind speed considered when calculating a heat index?
I work outside in Florida, and the heat is sometimes unbearable. But if a breeze hits me, it makes it much more tolerable. There are some days where there is high heat and humidity, and a steady wind. ...
- 41
5
votes
1
answer
70
views
Why does the magnitude of the uncertainty on temperature forecast fluctuate periodically
I remember several years ago, the weather report on the VRT (Flemish national media) would show the temperature forecast of the coming days and it would also show the uncertainty on that temperature. ...
- 151
4
votes
0
answers
36
views
Dynamic frontogenesis derivation
On page 142 of Lackmann's Midlatitude Synoptic Meteorology, Equation 6.7 gives the derivative of the Boussinesq buoyancy $b = \frac{g \theta'}{\theta_0 (z)}$ (perturbation potential temperature $\...
5
votes
1
answer
165
views
How is weather formation prevented in the stratosphere?
Water diffuses from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
By that principle, I would expect water from the troposphere to diffuse into the stratosphere, where water content ...
- 321
3
votes
1
answer
709
views
Temperature Inversion
According to my environmental management textbook, the conditions necessary for a temperature inversion are:
High air pressure, which causes the upper air to sink
Calm conditions resulting from high ...
- 321
12
votes
2
answers
8k
views
Why are mornings cooler than nights?
In the morning, Google shows the temperature from four or five hours ago (around 2:00 a.m.). But then I update the report, and I get the temperature slightly lower than before.
Why is the temperature ...
user20559
1
vote
1
answer
761
views
How to calculate rate of change of temperature with pressure in Earth's troposhere?
I was given a problem in a competitive exam from previous year:
Calculate the rate of change of temperature of the Earth's troposphere with pressure ($\frac{dT}{dP}$), given
Scale height, $H$, where $...
- 41
3
votes
1
answer
493
views
Relation between Magnitude of Greenhouse Effect and the Concentration of GHGs like $CO_2$
The Average Surface Temperature of the Earth is calculated by the following equation:
$$\sigma T_s^4=\frac{(1-A)\Omega}{4}+\Delta E$$
where,
$\sigma$= Stefan-Boltzmann Constant
$T_s$= Average Surface ...
- 33
4
votes
3
answers
4k
views
Why are January and February the coldest months although 21 December is the shortest day? [duplicate]
My question deals with the northern hemisphere only, obviously. It seems to me that January and February are the coldest months of the year. Water temperature is even more 'retarded': the seas are ...
- 51
6
votes
1
answer
165
views
What factor(s) could cause this sort of temperature increase, mid-night/early morning?
I am new to having a PWS (Personal Weather Station). I have not found any answers explaining why this sometimes occurs aside from explanations given factors that were not variables in my case (winds, ...
- 163
4
votes
1
answer
482
views
How to measure global temperature?
people always talk about global temperature (such as the global temperature goal of 1,5 K) - but how is this value achieved? It seems to me that it clearly depends on where the measuring stations are, ...
- 143
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Relative Humidity approximation from Dew Point and Temperature
I would like to find a formula to approximate RH based on known air temperature and dew point. I need the approximation to be valid at least between -20...+40 degrees Celsius. I read the accepted ...
- 83
1
vote
1
answer
116
views
How do I find the temperature of the air mass, and how do I use a t-skew chart?
So the first problem I'm stuck on is this one:
An airmass is moving down a mountain from point A to B. At A the temperature is -10 Celsius and the pressure is 890hPa. At point B the pressure is 1010 ...
- 155
1
vote
1
answer
128
views
Why are temperatures within a few degrees of the all-time high actually pretty common?
I see from a news report that the all-time high temperature, anywhere on Earth, is 129 F. But temperatures within 10 degrees of that record are not rare, and temperatures within 20 degrees are pretty ...
- 111
1
vote
0
answers
51
views
Effect on climate of the Earth’s rotation was a week instead of 24 hours
Cross-posted in Worldbuilding.
Curious what the affects on daily temperatures and climate would be if the Earth had a slower rotation, say 84 hours of light and 84 hours of darkness. How extreme ...
- 111
13
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Why are the clouds white and Australia black in weather satellite infrared images?
The question Is the sunlight on the GOES-16 Imagery reaching from the east? shows a visible light image and so in the night areas the Earth appears dark and in the day areas the Earth is a bit ...
- 6,904
4
votes
1
answer
311
views
What is the second thermometer in the image from the Esperanza Antarctic temperature record?
Today, the Argentinian meteorological service tweeted about a new temperature record for Antarctica of 18.3°C, made on the Espezanza peninsula. This was subsequently reported by many other sources.
...
- 817
3
votes
3
answers
176
views
Why do heat waves affect Australia unevenly?
Firstly, I would like to express my deepest condolences to those affected by the extreme heat and catastrophic wildfires on NSW's south coast and in Gippsland (east of Melbourne).
When I was looking ...
- 895
2
votes
3
answers
14k
views
How to calculate maximum and minimum mean monthly temperatures?
A quite simple question that I hope someone can help me with. I have a massive database of hourly minimum and maximum temperatures, from many automatic weather stations. I need to estimate the average ...
- 83
4
votes
1
answer
163
views
What is a reasonable range of values for resistance to heat flux?
I am developing a simple parameterisation scheme script to predict surface temperature.
The script calculates six heat fluxes including sensible heat flux using a resistance to heat flux parameter. ...
- 151
2
votes
0
answers
163
views
Predicting the weather in two months [closed]
EDIT 6/13/2020: Actual Jan average from same website was 50.3 °F, which is even above my one-sigma bound, so I failed badly. What did I miss now that we have hindsight?
On Nov 1, I looked at the ...
- 241
2
votes
1
answer
6k
views
Heat at High Altitudes
Why does the temperature of let’s say 85 degrees Fahrenheit in southern California feel hotter at 7,500 ft elevation than it does at sea level?
- 21
6
votes
2
answers
2k
views
What is the most optimal latitude on Earth for the generation of extreme maximum temperatures?
First question on this StackExchange, so here goes...
Overall, reaching high temperatures is dependent on 2 factors:
The (maximum) solar angle in the day. The greater the solar angle, the more ...
- 355
3
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Temperature Advection using finite differences with gridded data
Advection of a scalar quantity, such as temperature (T), by the horizontal wind, is defined as follows:
$-\textbf{U}\cdot\nabla T$
where $\textbf{U}$ is the horizontal wind vector, $\textbf{U}=(u,v)$...
- 652
10
votes
1
answer
676
views
Rainbow dynamics?
How would steam refract light compared to fog and how would the rainbow appear? Does the temperature of the water drop or ice crystal effect the rainbow in any way?
I know the size of the water drop ...
- 1
4
votes
2
answers
193
views
Did temperature for the US state of Illinois reach an all-time record low 1/31/2019?
The State Climatologist Office for Illinois says the all time low temperature of Illinois was -36 °F, with a report of -37 °F in 2009 being disqualified.
This morning, the station Sinnissippi ...
- 5,962